Journal on “The Story of an Hour” by Kate Chopin Essay

After interlingual rendition the Story of an bit by Kate Chopin, I was surprised at the unpredicted events that lead to Mrs. M all(prenominal)ards death. Through elaborated setting, profound feelings and enriching plot, the root of the story was gradually revealed and brought out an astonishing ending to both Louises manner and miserable marriage.The settings took place both in remote and in spite of appearance environments. As informed of her hubbys death, Louise begins to make the first expressions. foreign other women being immobilized and denial, she became anguished but went to her room alone. Here the reference expects her to moan in deep sorrow, but instead she sits calmly, sinking rarify into a comfortable spacious armch blood looking out to window. She describes the smell of the air in the room as the delicious breath of rain. She sees the trees outside in the yard quivering in new spring life- something outside is being reborn just like her inner self. Her inte rior environment in fact has a soothing feeling in spite of the depressing event.Louises feelings observed through a third person view little by little divulge her story. She whispered bare(a), free, free uncontrollably with a monstrous joy. It is emancipation that she has been battling to feel for the many historic period married to her man. She tried to defend herself by rambling on intimately how she used to love her hubby sometimes, but she cannot hide the delighted actuality that she has her immunity back once again. To her the marriage was a prison her life belonged to her husband with the social belief that such thing would make a adult females life fulfilled. She releases all the stress and emotions that had been building up all the passing years. It is devastating, as she describes it, her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body. Now she yearns to live more, to enjoy her freedom once again, distinguish to what she thought the day before with a shudder that life office be long.The turning point is when Louise saw her husband opening the door carriage coming back alive. Chopins satirical plot leaves an open soul of Mrs. Mallards death. It is irony that in the beginning of the story she was say to have a life trouble, her relative tried to use the gentlest way to inform her of Brently Mallards death. The reality is she feels glad about her husband beingforever absent from her life, and as she is willing to enjoy the populace again, her husband comes back. Louise finally became the one to die in the end. Perhaps freedom of mind and body is more valuable than life itself. Therefore, after this intervention, sledding back to the confines of marriage would be killing the life and heart of Louise, thus death is the only solution and of course the heart specification foreshadowing an impending death.In conclusion, I enjoyed Kate Chopins Story of an Hour and found her unique writing style beautiful. I t only sheds its secrets through bleak details yet brings a strong emotion to a wriggle and painful story of the suffering women in the conservative nineteenth ascorbic acid society.Work CitedChopin, Kate. The Story of an Hour.1894. Rpt. in Compact LiteratureReading Reacting Writing. By Kirszner and Mandell. 6th ed. Boston, MA 2007.

AIDS 3rd revision

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome or help as we comm entirely know it, is a life threatening condition a person wouldnt desire to be caught into. It was discovered in the United States way back in 1981. Since then, it has been a major problem of the world.Until now, there is no cognize redress for support, a very alarming fact because everyone could get infected. AIDS is caused by a virus know to kill or damage cells of the dead bodys tolerant system.That virus is what we commonly know as human immunodeficiency virus (human immunodeficiency virus). Because of its destructive behavior against the cells of the resistive system, human immunodeficiency virus disables the bodys capability to fight infections and cancer do agents.When a person has AIDS, he or she is prone to getting life-threatening ailments because their bodies cannot fight the build-up of infections (Women, Children and human immunodeficiency virus, 2006).Reports level that date back to 1981, there has been much than a million cases of AIDS recorded. Statistics show that 25% of these heap ar unaware of the HIV infection. Because of this, they are promising to infect other people and transmit the virus (HIV infections, 2006).Symptoms of HIV InfectionIf not diagnosed early, HIV is hard to detect. Upon infection, you will not visit any symptoms. But it is possible to feel a flu-like ailment after 1-2 months of painting to HIV. It could include fever, headache, enlarged lymph nodes and a received feeling of tiredness.These symptoms are bypast after one week to one month and are normally associated with other diseases. At this time, people can easily infect others, and the virus is greatly concentrated in the genital fluids. This is a very unfavorable time for infecting other people because you dont know that you be possessed of the disease.And when you have multiple sexual partners, it is likely to infect them with the virus. This is the period where you contract to wear protect ion, in put in not to infect others. The next put down of symptoms may not surface for 10 years or more after you first got infected with the virus. This is varying for some people.Some may experience these symptoms just after a few months while others may not and continue living normally for more than 10 years. This is known as the asymptomatic period.During the asymptomatic period, the cells of the immune system are slowly macrocosm killed by the rapid multiplying and infecting of the virus. Infected cells serve as hiding places of the HIV and lays there for some period of dormancy.The most evident outcome of the viral infection is a decrease in a component of the blood, the chassis of CD4 positive T cells drastically decreases. These cells are the immune systems infection fighters. These cells are destroyed slowly without any symptoms. Because of this, the situation of the immune system gets worse, where various complications begin to surface.The primary signs of infection ar e vain lymph nodes all over the body lasting for closely three months. some other symptoms that occur before the onset of AIDS include lack of energy, cant over loss, frequent fevers and sweats, rashes, flaky skin, memory loss and inflammation of the pelvis in women. Others could develop sores in their mouth, sex organs or in their anus.Raising Doubts against AIDS and HIVNot everyone is convinced about the HIV/AIDS possibleness. The explanation was HIV is a virus that attacks the immune system and then matures into AIDS, thus further destroying the immune system until there is nothing left to destroy.Some researchers question the credibility of this theory on many accounts. One of them is Peter Duesberg, a professor at the University of California at Berkeley. He is concerns are on the field of virology and wrote about HIV/AIDS in 1987. As these issues continued to shock and suffer the world, Duesberg was unmoved.He accepts the fact that HIV is real, but poses no real harm on people, and that AIDS is caused by some other factors which are not infective and cannot be contacted to other people. There are also other people that rebuke the theory about HIV/AIDS. They are known as denialists by their enemies.These people include a group of medical scientists and researchers from Australia known as the Perth Group. They claim that nobody has yet discovered any inference for the existence of HIV, so there is basically no foundation on claims that HIV causes AIDS.Defining AIDS What is and what is notAIDS doesnt show specific symptoms. There is only a distinct characteristic of the human body when it has AIDS. It lacks a certain type of white blood cells, which is very important in order to live a healthy life. These white blood cells are the ones responsible in fighting infections off the body.Normal people usually have just about 600 to 1,500 CD4+ Cells, or the helper T cells, per cubic millimeter of blood. People with AIDS have much lower levels of these he lper T cells in their blood, causing immune deficiency, responsible for their vulnerability to ailments.Way back in the 80s, no one knows what really caused AIDS. They based their definition on the findings of one of 13 diseases of high rarity, which is connected to immune deficiency.As years passed, the definition was sharpened by thousands of similar occurrences that have been recorded, though sometimes it involves other ailments, but are related thru the same immune deficiency.

My (Not So Unique) Holiday Family Traditions Essay

When our Sociology class was assigned to write or so family traditions, I instantly became nervous because I couldnt cogitate of iodin tradition off the top of my head that was particular and unique to my family. I sat there and wondered, should I tell the truth and reveal the point that my family doesnt have any traditions? Should I make one up and fake my way through the entire thing plainly to bump a good grade? Should I take someone elses family tradition and c whole it my own? As you can probably tell, I was completely stuck. I feel as though my family traditions ar ones that are shared with other families somewhat the world. The typical family traditions that Im referring to are about are during the Thanksgiving and Christmas holidays. During Thanksgiving, we always have our annual family dinner party take in at my grandmothers house. All the women of the family cook unalike dishes such as jokester, stuffing, mashed potatoes, green beans, etc. The women ordinaril y sit around the dinner table while the men of the family assemble in the backing room and watch TV, typically football. The children of the family ordinarily sit at a separate table and after they are done, they usually go outside(a) to play. Christmas traditions and the traditions of Thanksgiving are much in the same.Occasionally after anyone gets their stomachs full, we usually play a game called catch phrase. There is never a dull moment when we play this game. It is similar to charades in which you hold a device that shows you a playscript that you must describe to your teammates without wording the word directly. When I was assigned this essay, I went to my mother, hoping that we had a tradition that I effective overlooked. Needless to say, I was back at square one, she couldnt think of any that were unique I began to look to my peers for process, which resulted in the usual, Just say something obvious, like, On the twenty-fifth day of December, my family opens present s that are left underneath an imitative tree by an obese man who has some strange coercion with red clothes and non-existent animals who can fly That wasnt much help either. In comparison to the traditional Caucasian holiday traditions, I researched via meshwork on the African American holiday traditions. A common account that I found was that Todays Thanksgiving and Christmas dinners are just a taste of how African Americans used to eat. Before you slice into that odoriferous potato pie, douse those greens in hot sauce or cut a edible corner of macaroni and cheese this holiday season, count on where those traditions came from.In the late 19thcentury, geography factored in how people celebrated the yuletide season. During this measure, African Americans passd mostly a rural existence, which translated into a farm-to-table lifestyle. I found a blog of two sisters discussing their African American culture during the holiday seasons. Sisters Norma denim and Carole Darden discu ssed their history and recipes in recounting African-American life and culture. Their grandmothers traditions were passed down to them in which they will pass them down to their children and so on. She lived on a dairy farm and wanted milk and cream in the familys dishes. A favorite dish was painted Christmas cookies, made with locomote water and orange-flower water. Norma will be preparing Thanksgiving dinner for her family in November. Shes been cooking since age 9. Her dinner table will have turkey with corn bread dressing on the side, many quarts of giblet gravy, totally cranberry sauce and mashed potatoes. But in homage to her stepfather, shell make smoked oysters for an appetizer, corn and peas as a side dish as well as yams in a cast-iron pot, without marshmallows.Just as he taught her. We live in an age in which it is hard to spend time unneurotic as a family. Many families today wonder if having quality time together is a thing of the past. We are inordinately busy, for one thing, whether firm bread-winners or college students. Also, the definition of family has changed. We are dealing with new definitions and characterizations of the idea of family. approximately of us have traditional families. Some families have divorced, single, and/or remarried parents, creating a rather confusing family tree. Some people choose to live their lives simply, hardly may still be close enough to some friends to consider them family. Whatever the circumstances, many of us honestly dont go through how to celebrate together. We may even see the word tradition as something dulling and old, having no meaning for or application to us personally something usually being forced upon us. It is up to us to create new family traditions. Celebrating is non hard. We all know about celebrating and have some ways of doing it. The totally challenge is to find new ways. Why do we need to celebrate tradition? It gives us something to look forward to and makes a formal accoun t that there are some things in life to be thankful for.The notion of honoring tradition is unsettling for some people let alone creating new ones. We seem to think that traditions must be heavy and entangled ideas that had been around for cs of years and will be aroundfor a hundred more. In my opinion, this is not true. It need not be big or religious at all. I believe a tradition is something that you do once that feels good, so you do it again and again. Tradition is in all our lives in one way or another. Without participation in such activities there would be no family bond or pride. Being confused in these activities brings people closer and makes us understand who we are. Everything we do and every day of our lives we take part in a tradition in one form or another. After writing this paper, I go through that my family traditions may not be unique to others, but they are special to me and the members of my family and that is something that I will always cherish and hope to pass down to future generations.

The Big Switch

The electric chair of our ships beau monde has brought to our attention that he would appreciate it if our department could create a new information system for our union. The current information system that we usage is Microsoft Excel and we need to create a way to transfer and put on the new office system of Microsoft recover. We need to explain the current downsides to exploitation Microsoft Excel and explain the positive ways by using Microsoft attack that forget help our company grow, expand, and be more efficient to our company.We alike need to come up with software that is compatible to Microsoft chafe solely to have a contingency plan, in case the president is non pleased with the results we research and to help improve the internal communications along with help make the workflow of the sales department improve. We do hunch over that the current plan is not working for our company and we need to alone work diligently to improve our current system and make the revolution easy. Microsoft office is a great tool and Excel, when used properly, is a of import asset. The problem with Microsoft Excel is that there are various manual inputs that shag go wrong.Other common problems that corporation cause an error quest not using a colon to indicate a send of cells, forgetting to close your parentheses, and adding common formats as part of the formula (Murray, 2013). The formulas that Excel uses would be complicated to traverse everything. (Murray, 2013) It is also very difficult to track the archives of changes that our company uses has it moves forward. This would not only hinder the company but could maybe cause miscommunication of the entropy inputted. (Murray, 2013) These reasons stated above are why the company should not use the Excel program to move forward in the progression of the company.With Access, it is a relational database association that exists between the tables, which stores the data. These help to declare the integr ity of the data contained within. Access terminate store tons of data in different forms and yet still intertwine for easy referencing and analyzing. (Microsoft, 2013) Access is also great for the business since it has the ability to manage contacts, track inventory, track orders, and events. (Microsoft, 2013)One great feature about Access is that multiple users can have it opened working on the same database and only what the separate person is working on is locked. Microsoft, 2013) This allows several people to input their data at the same time and it is secure. Conclusion As one can see there are far more advantages using Microsoft Access verses using Microsoft Excel. Access is more suited for our companys of necessity now. Using Access will cut down on our companys mistakes. This will utilize and maximize our companys growth. This will increase the employee production. In the long run, Access will make the companys bottom line profit grow, which at the end of the mean solar d ay is the most important thing.

Economics and Dahlia Furniture Private Essay

On August 1984, Mr. Chua Boon Kang and Mr. Leong Sim Lam bought over putz Lims forty six percent (46%) stake at dahlia Furniture occult Limited. Although co-owners at one time, Mr. Chua and Mr. Leong have found Mr. Lims management of the smart set to be unsatis manufactory. Some reorganization took place as most of the production workers who were doing subcontracting orders solely for dahlia had resigned repayable to poor confederation performance in 1982. dahlia also sold off seventy five thousand dollars ($75,000) worth of machinery used for voltaic pile producing article of furniture which was antecedently purchased by a former Managing Director, who has since left the company. Now at the helm, ii atomic number 18 uncertain about the long term direction of the company. Meanwhile, they ar both concerned over maintaining sales growth in a luxuriouslyly competitive industry.Dahlia Furniture made its entrance into the furniture industry in 1972 as subcontractors to two la rge furniture concerns, Ching Lin and Diethelm. It supplied mainly w every(prenominal) wholes and kitchen cabinets while bedrooms sets and dining sets were subcontracted out or obtained from local suppliers. line of merchandise went well and the company decided to branch into retailing. Between 1979 and 198, Dahlia acquired two factories At Ang Mo Kio and Upper Thomson at a wrong of $400,000 and $300,000, respectively. The factory At Ang Mo Kio was rented out on a monthly bottom to furniture makers who were also subcontractors to Dahlia. The company also acquired two or much showrooms in the Bukid Timah and Upper Thomson argona in 1978 and 1982, respectively.I. TIME CONTEXTThe Dahlia Furniture Private Limited Case (Case) was developed in 1985 by Mr. Chng Hak Kee and Ms. Jeannie Teoh from the National University of Singapore. (Reference Book)The case, as described is dated in the 1980s in which Singapores economy was dependent on foreign commercializes and suppliers pushed. In the 1980s, Singapore was a disengage port with only a few revenue tariffs and a small set of protective tariffs. It had no foreign exchange controls or domestic price controls. There were no controls on private enterprise or investment, nor any limitations on advantage remittance or repatriation of capital. Foreign corporations were welcome, foreign investment was solicited, and fully 70 percent of the investment in manufacturing was foreign. (mongabay.com)This shows that there is preferably a assembly line with regards to foreign policies as compared to the Philippines which has much stringent rules with regards to foreign investments considering that both countries are within the same region and are at the time regarded as developing nations.For the first two decades of its independence (1963, Britain and 1965 from Malaysia), Singapore enjoyed continuous highschool economic growth, largely outperforming the world economy. Its GDP growth rate never fell below 5 percent and rose as high as 15 percent. At the same time, Singapore managed to maintain an ostentatiousness rate below world averages. However, the 1985 international recession severely bear upon the economy as Singapore is dependent on foreign investments. However, due to better policy making, the country, on the same decade experienced a rise of the construction and manufacturing industries. By 1988, Singapore has rebounded. (wiki)II. VIEWPOINTAs the more important decision makers for the company, Mr. Chua and Mr. Leong have to decide on the direction of the company where they want to be. Since the case does non directly supply a problem, it is presumed that the students are to make decisions based on the interpretation of the case.III. MAJOR POLICY debateThe furniture byplay industry vision, the philosophy is built upon providing tailor-made business furniture solutions that exceeds our clients unique needs and expectations whilst remaining cost competitive.IV. CURRENT BUSINESS POLICYV . argument OF THE PROBLEMVI. STATEMENT OF neutrala. Long Termi. To develop strategies that go forth enhance and raise sales figures ii. To be highly competitive aginst both foreign and domestic competitors b. dead Termiii. To improve companys position in the marketiv. To exceed sales figure from the previous yearVII. SWOT psychoanalysisSTRENGTHS WEAKNESSES1. Target Market is well defined 2. Multiple supply/ origin sources 3. Stable Management (as of 1984) 4. High quality Image 5. Highly economic Branch (Orchard Area) 1. Limited Market 2. Slow moving imported gunstock 3. Primary Decision Makers are indirect Competitors 4. Low Profit Branches OPPURTUNITIES THREATS1. Re-exportation 2. bleak design trends 3. Improve profits from weaker branches 4. Open market for imported furniture 1. Conflict on interests between the decision makers and the company 2. Loss of adequate managers 3. Gradual changes in economic policies of the presidency 4. Loss of clients to competitorsVIII. ALTE RNATIVE COURSES OF fulfill1. Import all products and continue its high quality and fairly big-ticket(prenominal) run across with lay and upper income familys clientele. 2. Expand its production unit and contend with competitors by lowering of prices to wee-wee a larger market, the mass. 3. To explicate a proportionate inventory acquisition with well-nigh products imported and some manufactured, to drive international competition and at the same time, maintain its redeem image, also to reach all brackets of prospective clientele.IX. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVESX. DECISION STATEMENTXI. IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAMSXII. PROPOSED BUSINESS POLICIESXIII. MANAGEMENT LESSONS LEARNEDDahlia Furniture Private LimitedI. Problem What way of acquiring inventories should Dahlia employ to maximise profit and improve the companys position?II. Alternatives A. Import all products and continue its high quality and fairly expensive image with middle and upper income familys clientele. B. Expand its p roduction unit and contend with competitors through lowering of prices to reach a larger market, the mass. C. To formulate a proportionate inventory acquisition with some products imported and some manufactured, to drive away competition and at the same time, maintain its present image, also to reach all brackets of prospective clientele.III. Advantages and Disadvantages* Advantages for Alternative A* Dahlia would be free from hiring more labor.* leave behind maintain its present image for quality and pricing.* No overhead costs.* Smaller units of products are needed to be sold because of its price* Problems about filling their showrooms are rapidly solved.Disadvantages for Alternative A* Would winding out costly if not sold two months or more.* Dahlia would be driven away by competitors because of erratic pricing.* It could not append to the mass market.* It will be pinpointed by government for using foreign labor and might affect its credibility.* Advantages for Alternative B* Will not incur large cost, even inventory remain idle for quite some time.* The company can now afford to cater the mass market.* Can now drive the competition.* Will not violate governments policy on foreign labor.Disadvantages for Alternative B* Will incur large overhead cost.* Companys current image might be at stake.* Has to hire more labor that will boost costs.* Might incur losses if driven away by erratic pricing.* Advantages for Alternative C* Lower risk for the company.* Will antagonize all costs.* Will have a larger continues

Balance Sheet And Market Value

The most no slacken thing in the table presented above is the disparity between the actual food market pass judgment and what is account in curls balance shred. The balance sheet accompaniment totaled to $1. 465 billion while the market value ballooned reaching $2, 390 billion. When comp atomic number 18d, the contrariety is a staggering $20 million indicating that bow owes more to its financiers than what it in reality claims. The source of this huge difference is the disparity between the balance sheet amount of foresightful-term debt and its market value. The come with does not trade its bond so the yield is compared with companies issuing the same bonds.When converted to its present value, the mass value is signifi nookytly lower than the market value. Another is the amount of shareowners comeliness. It should be noted that in reality, more funds are generated from the sale of stocks than their attributed value in the confederacys books. The difference in the numb ers has several implications when the capital structure of the fraternity is considered. Two special financial symmetrys are often computed in order to look at the risk entailed by a business organizationthe debt ratio and the long term debt to paleness. The debt ratio looks at the portion of the companys summation which is financed by creditors.Accordingly, it gives an idea to the leverage of the company along with the potential risks the company faces in terms of its debt-load (Debt ratio 2007). When computed using the balance sheet figures, ARC has a debt ratio of 68%. On the other hand, when market value is utilized the figure shrinks to 67%. This implies that 67-68% of ARCs assets are financed by its creditors. In the industry as a whole, a higher debt ratio is an indication of higher financial risk because debt is often perceived as riskier method of finance. Thus, when market value is used, ARC has the chance of showing a better credit standing.The disparity is small but not insignificant. It should be noted that investors often look at the credit exposure of the company by looking at the debt ratio. A small percentage can spell a huge difference when investors are making their choice. The debt to equity ratio on the other hand shows the proportion of creditors share to equity holders in the companys resources. Accordingly, A high debt/equity ratio generally means that a company has been aggressive in financing its growth with debt which can result in volatile earnings as a result of the additional interest expense (Debt to Equity Ratio 2007).Using the balance sheet data, ARCs debt to equity ratio is 2. 16 while market shows a lower 1. 98. Both of this data shows that ARCs debt is much greater than its equity account. For the balance sheet data, both dollar in ARCs equity is matched by a corresponding $2. 16 in total debt. On the other hand, market value data shows that every dollar of equity only has a corresponding 1. 98 debt. In general, the computed ratios show the high exposure of the company to financial risk.It should be noted that debt entails the payment of interest at ceaseless intervals and face value (Keown et al 2005). References Debt Ratio, 2007, Investopedia. com. Retrieved 06 December 2007, from http//www. investopedia. com/terms/d/debtratio. asp Debt to Equity Ratio, 2007, Investopedia. com. Retrieved 06 December 2007, from http//www. investopedia. com/terms/d/debtequityratio. asp Keown, A. J. , Martin, J. D. , Petty, J. W. , and Scott Jr. , D. F, 2005, pecuniary Management principles and applications, Pearson/Prentice Hall International Edition, 10th Edition.

Martin Luther King, Jr. Essay

Martin Luther King was a major driving force during the 1950-1960s African American civil rights movement. pursual his bewitch in driveing for the respect of check valet rights, Luther has run short one of the most recognized human rights icons in the American nation. concord to available historical training, born in 1929, Luther started his civil rights activist activities during his proto(prenominal) ages. He led the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott due to segregation practices, which compromised the principle of equality of all American citizens (Darby, 1990).True from history, Luther brought much influence in the war against racial segregation and discrimination. Just to be appreciated is the fact that despite the provisions that all men are equal during the declaration of independence in the 18th century, racial discrimination was a common practice in the early twentieth century. Historical information indicate that the I Have a Dream speech by Martin Luther King in the 963 March on Washington triggered the African Americans into fight for their human rights (Darby, 1990).Conducting his affairs uniquely, Luther is praised advocating a non-violent approach to the realization of equal human rights in the American nation (Darby, 1990). Indeed, this was the underlying reason behind why he was given the Nobel Peace Prize for his work in destruction racial segregation and l discrimination through non-violent means in 1964. In addition to his impact on the American community, Luther finds his honor in advocating against the violation of human rights during the Vietnam War in 1968.Following his influence in the civil rights war, Luther is globally appreciated as a crucial adept for freedom (Darby, 1990). To emphasis on this claim, he was awarded the Presidential Medal of freedom in 1977 nine years after his assassination. Such are excessively found in the establishment of Martin Luther King, Jr. Day as a U. S. national holiday in 1986. References Darby, J . (1990). Martin Luther King. Jr. Minneapolis Lerner Publishing Group.

Research Methods Db 2

Group Discussion Board Forum 1 Part 1 1. Ch. 1 Q. 8 As atomic number 18a gross revenue private instructor for a society manufacturing and marketing outboard engines, you puzzle been delegate the responsibility of conducting a interview conduct to estimate the gross revenue potential drop of your products in the domestic (U. S. or Canadian) market. Discuss key issues and concerns arising from the fact that you, the manager, argon also the queryer. A very important aspect of good explore is for the researchers experience to be reflected (P. 17). The research has a greater chance of being successful if the researcher is experienced.Thus, as a manager the research process might be bias to the managers perception of the problem comp ard to the research problem. The inexperience as researcher result make it difficult to perform both roles effectively. Addition completelyy, the manager might yet analyze secondary data to obtain answers and rely on it for closing making. 2. C h. 1 Q. 10- Apply the principles in Exhibit 1-4 to the research scenario in interrogative 8. In order to apply the principles from Exhibit 1-4 to the scenario in question 8 we need to use the scientific method. a.Purpose clearly defined The research study must present an estimate of the gross revenue and marketing of the outbound engines in the market for the U. S and Canada. b. Research process detailed First, the researcher presents a proposal and budget for approval. Then, the researcher presents weekly reports related to the progress of the research and also provides an estimated timeframe for completion. c. Research design thoroughly planned The procedures are outlined. erst primary and secondary data is collected it needs to be back endvas for interpretation. d.Limitations frankly pick uped interpreted data about the size market for the outbound engine is compared to the desired procedure. e. Management Decision The manager is presented with the information for determin ation making, after it has been analyzed, interpreted and compared. 3. Ch. 3 Q. 6- You observe the following condition Our female sales representatives have lower customer defections than do our male sales representatives. a. Propose the concepts and make confides you might use to study this phenomenon. My proposal for the concepts is female sales representatives and male sales representatives.I would use customer defection as the construct for the research. b. How might any of these concepts and/or constructs be related to explanatory hypotheses? tally to explanatory (casual) hypotheses, the independent variable needs to be the reason for the humans of the dependent variable (p73). Therefore, the skills of both male and female representatives are taken under consideration in this scenario. An example of this is that female sales representatives are naturally more skillful with establishing and maintaining relationships (IV), vacateing them to have this advantage and have le ss(prenominal) customer defection (DV). . Ch. 3 Q. 8-Identify and classify all the variables in the Armys dud shell research. I identify ternion variables (p. 62 & 67) 1. The dud shell as the independent variable be possess it keep be manipulated 2. The exploding shell as the independent variable because is the one being monitored and 3. The people coming into contact with it as intervening variables because civilians were cracking the bombs open to obtain copper. 5. Ch. 4 Q. 4-Confronted by low productivity, the president of Oaks outside(a), Inc. asks a research company to study ponder satisfaction in the corporation.What are well-nigh of the important reasons that this research project may fail to make an sufficient contribution to the solution of prudence problems? The low productivity in Oaks International Inc. presents a management dilemma to the president. The president has related this issue to the job satisfaction of the employees. Therefore, the management has decid ed to study job satisfaction only(prenominal) as the cause of low productivity. Even though, this in fact has close to influence in the productivity of employees, the study is already bias because all another(prenominal) factors of influence are being excluded.There may be other factors to consider that may be affecting low productivity such(prenominal) as machinery and equipment, technology, management, etc. This will eventually become a do in of time and resources if the results prove that job satisfaction is not the main cause of low productivity. Consequently, the management dilemma will not be indomitable and more time and resources will need to be invested to find the really cause. 6. Ch. 4 Q. 5-Based on an analysis of the last six months sales, your imprint notices that sales of crab products are declining in your chains restaurants.As crab entree sales decline, so do profits. Fearing beef sales have declined due to several theme stories reporting E. coli contamina tion discovered at area grocery stores, he suggests a survey of area restaurants to externalise if the situation is pervasive. a. What do you bet of this research suggestion? I think the research suggestion will be beneficial because it will reveal if the decline in consumption of beef as an entree is in fact caused by the concern of the E. coli. This survey will also allow comparing the competition and discovering their strategies or suggestions on how to survive this crisis.I also believe that the restaurant lowlife introduce some new entrees that contain fish, cowardly and even duck as an alternative to increase their sales and profits. b. How, if at all, could you improve on your bosss formulation of the research question? I believe the study should include both external and inside factor. The survey to competitors would be considered an external factor, but including the customers, the preparation and presentation of their beef entrees can be considered internal factors.It has already been established that the people are already alarmed due to the several stories in the newspapers about the E. coli. However, the restaurant can ask these frequent customers about their perception about the resultant and even accept suggestions from them. This will allow the restaurant to get a clearer and direct answer to their dilemma. 7. Ch. 5 Q. 12- Develop the management-research question hierarchy (Exhibits 5-6 and 5-8), citing management dilemma, management question, and research question(s) for each of the following a. he president of a home health care services firm. MD The president receives galore(postnominal) complains about the quality of health care services. MQ What can be through in improve the quality of the health care services? RQ why are the services provided considered poor? In which specific areas of services do we get the most complains? What can be implemented or potpourri to improve the services provided? b. The vice president of investor rel ations for an auto manufacturer. MD The vice president experiences low productivity. MQ What is causing low productivity?RQ When did the company start to experience low productivity? Do we have up to date technology for production? How are the job conditions perceived by employees? c. The retail advertising manager of a major metropolitan newspaper. MD The metropolitan newspaper is experiencing a decline in advertising sales. MQ What can be done to increase the sales? RQ Should the prices/rates for advertising in our newspaper be evaluated? When did sales start to decline? What methods can be implemented to increase the sales and attract more customers to advertise with newspaper? . The headway of police in a major city. MD The chief of police has received several reports of change magnitude crime in the city. MQ What can be done to reduce crime in the city? RQ Where are the majority of reports coming from? Which areas are being more affected? What host of people is the one being affected the most? What types of crimes have increased? How can we prepare and equip police officers to monitor these crimes and areas? This is to be ideal by 1159 p. m. (ET) on Sunday.

Analyse the humour and comedy of Act 1 in Much Ado About Nothing

With the play, Much pettifoggery Ab turn up Nothing clowning is generated through numerous ways geniushin its structure, language and form. Conflict and battles of wag mingled with char answerers in the play create humorous scenes, which ar typically intelligently crafted in order to create hilarity. In addition, the work of everyplace exaggerated language and sarcastic remarks, with metaphors and puns spawn waggery.The obvious, comical scenes in spite of appearance turning 1 are created with the two protagonists Beatrice and benedick. The role of women in party in the time period was to be quiet and have niggling creator however Beatrice goes once morest societys unspoken rules and contradicts social conformity by being witty and clever with smart remarks so then goes against expectations. cod to her continuous conflict with benedict, she generates comedy in the form of satirising physical features and aspects of his personality. Beatrice speaks arrogantly and aggres sively towards Benedict, which further goes against conformity. This is clearly shown through the way she condemns Benedict, portraying him as a disease named the Benedict that is easier caught that pestilence. This implies that Benedict is no much than an infection that is easier to catch than the plague, which will spread if you become to friendly with him. The utilisation of these words is humorous due to the concomitant she always wants the upper throw in the competition of wit, outsmarting the notorious Benedict.Additionally, the role of Benedict is important in generating the comedy within Act 1. Benedict is a proud and delusive individual, who satisfies himself with sarcasm and is the entertainer in the book very much like Beatrice. This contradiction in personality helps to generate comedy, as both individuals battle to assay smart remarks to give themselves satisfaction. However, what they both dont seem to shit is that they both have equal power and wit. This is evi dently presented when Benedict states that Beatrice is a parrot teacher. This is comical as Benedict personifies Beatrice to be a parrot that is typically renowned for their repetitive nature, in repeating whatsoever some sensation Sais.Furthermore, comedy is caused through sexual references and sexual comedy. This is signified when Beatrice refers to Benedict as Signor Mountanto at the start of scene 1 act 1. This phrase is a common fence term or fencing thrust however it can mean two things. The stem that he is a flashy swordsman or this could be a data link of Benedicts penis thrusting into an enemy soldier, so therefore there is an association of aggressive sex. Beatrice is clearly commenting on his sexual prowess, as being a womaniser. We find this amusing as Beatrice is once again going against social conformity, speaking of sexual matters with men involved. Due to the fact he has sexual prowess, the imagery of him thrusting his penis is quite mottle but comical as it infe rs homosexuality. Additionally, Leonato uses less explicit sexual references within Act 1 to generate comedy. This is expressed when he says her mother hath some(prenominal) times told me so in the context that he jokingly doubts fighter as his daughter. This connotes that status of women in the Victorian society, as he makes a joke at his wifes expense to generate comedy. The idea tat women are passed around in this context is comical.Furthermore, the theme of sexual union is a theme that spawns conflict and comedy. Benedict disgusts anyones approach to espousal and emphasises that he will die a bachelor, however the comedy is generated when Claudio expresses his love for Leonatos daughter, Hero. This is demonstrated when Benedict states that she is to low for a tall praise, too brown for a fair praise and too little for a great place, which creates comedy. This is comical as Benedict everywhere complicates Hero as a wife for Claudio analytically pulling out all the negative s within her. The fact that Benedict is devoted to the idea he will die to be superior o a bachelor, allows his showcase to pick the fun out of anyone who has fallen into the trap if love and marriage. frolic and merrymaking is projected through the banter and conflict between Beatrice and Benedict within the first act this is clear when Leonato states there is a coming upon of wit between them, which clearly emphasises the fact that there battle for wit is obviously noticeable in order to get the upper hand. The causation for enjoying this humour is because of the fact that they want to be superior over one another.In conclusion, we can infer that there are numerous attributes that tolerate to the humour and comedy of Act 1 in Much Ado About Nothing. However, the most noticeable element is the battle of wit between Beatrice and Benedict. The utilisation of satirical comedy and overly exaggerated sarcasm along with puns emphasises the fact the reason for their conflict is the re cognition and gratitude they will feel. Undoubtedly, there are several other contributing factors like the sexual references from the male characters, which could be thought to be slightly sexist and inappropriate in todays society but the cheek involved in delivery the lines makes it comical.

The Pardoner’s Tale

In Flanders matchless time on that point was a comp each(prenominal) Of youngsters haunting vice and ribaldry, Riot and gambling, stews and public-houses Whither each with harp, guitar, or lute carouses, Dancing and dicing day and shadow, and b venerable To eat and drink furthest to a greater extent than they bottom of the inning hold, Doing thitherby the devil sacrifice Within that devils temple of cursed vice, Abominable in superfluity, With oaths so damnable in blasphemy That its a vote outhearted thing to hear them swear. Our upright Lords body they will rend and tear. . . . Its of trey bacchanaliaers I pick up to tell Who, long before the morning helper bell, Were sitting in a tavern for a drink.And as they sat, they hear the hand-bell clink Before a coffin going to the grave unrivaled of them c eit hered the little tavern-knave And say Go and find out at oncelook spry Whose corpse is in that coffin passing by And hang you cash in ones chips the name corre ctly too. Sir, said the boy, no need, I promise you Two hours before you came here I was told. He was a assistant of yours in days of old, And suddenly, last night, the valet de chambre was slain, Upon his bench, face up, unused drunk again. There came a privy thief, they c tout ensemble him expiration, Who kills us entirely round here, and in a breath He speargond him through the heart, he never stirred.And then Death went his way without a word. Hes killed a thousand in the present plague, And, sir, it doesnt do to be too vague If you should meet him you had best be wary. Be on your guard with such an adversary, Be primed to meet him e genuinelywhere you go, Thats what my mother said. Its all I know. The publi crumb joined in with, By St. Mary, What the child says is right youd best be wary, This very year he killed, in a large village A mile away, man, woman, serf at tillage, Page in the household, childrenall there were. Yes, I imagine that he survives round there. Its w ell to be prepargond in these alarms,He might do you dishonor. Huh, theologys arms The rioter said, Is he so fierce to meet? Ill hunt club for him, by Jesus, street by street. idols blessed hit the books Ill register a vow Here, chaps The three of us unneurotic now, Hold up your hands, give c are me, and well be brothers In this affair, and each hold the others, And we will kill this traitor Death, I say Away with him as he has made away With all our friends. divinitys hauteur Tonight They made their bargain, swore with appetite, These three, to live and die for one a nonher As brother-born might swear to his born brother. And up they started in their drunken animosityAnd made towards this village which the page And publican had spoken of before. Many and grisly were the oaths they swore, Tearing Christs blessed body to a molecule If we can altogether catch him, Death is dead When they had gone not salutaryy half a mile, Just as they were astir(predicate) to endan ger a stile, They came upon a very poor old man Who scurvily greeted them and thence began, God look to you, my lords, and give you quiet To which the proudest of these workforce of riot Gave back the answer, What, old fool? Give place Why are you all wrapped up except your face? Why live so long? Isnt it time to die? The old, old spouse looked him in the eyeAnd said, Because I never yet shake up found, though I have walked to India, searching round Village and city on my pilgrimage, matchless who would change his youth to have my age. And so my age is exploit and must be still Upon me, for such time as God may will. Not even Death, alas, will pick out my life So, like a wretched prisoner at strife Within himself, I walk alone and gestate About the earth, which is my mothers gate, Knock-knocking with my round from night to noon And crying, Mother, open to me soon Look at me, mother, wont you let me in? See how I wither, flesh and bloodline and skin Alas When will these bones be laid to relief?Mother, I would exchangefor that were best The wardrobe in my chamber, standing there So long, for yours Aye, for a shirt of hair To wrap me in She has refused her grace, because comes the pallor of my withered face. But it dishonored you when you began To speak so roughly, sir, to an old man, Unless he had injured you in word or deed. It says in blessed place writ, as you may read, Thou shalt rise up before the old head And honor it. And therefore be it said, Do no more harm to an old man than you, Being now young, would have another(prenominal) do When you are oldif you should live till then. And so may God be with you, gentlemen,For I must go whither I have to go. By God, the gambler said, you shant do so, You dont nourish off so easy, by St. John I heard you mention, yet a moment gone, A certain traitor Death who single out And kills the fine young ferineows hereabout. And youre his spy, by God You wait a bit. Say where he is or you shall pay for it, By God and by the Holy Sacrament I say youve joined unneurotic by consent To kill us younger folk, you thieving swine Well, sirs, he said, if it be your design To find out Death, turn up this flex way Towards that grove, I left him there today Under a tree, and there youll find him waiting.He isnt one to hide for all your prating. You see that oak? He wont be far to find. And God protect you that redeemed mankind, Aye, and amend you Thus that ancient man. At once the three young rioters began To run, and reached the tree, and there they found A mint of fundsen florins on the ground, New-coined, eight bushels of them as they apprehension. No longer was it Death those fallers sought, For they were all so thrilled to see the sight, The florins were so beautiful and bright, That trim they sat beside the precious pile. The wickedest spoke starting line after a while. Brothers, he said, you listen to what I say.Im pretty sharp although I joke away. Its clear that Fortune has bestowed this treasure To let us live in jollity and pleasure. Light come, light go Well exit it as we ought. Gods precious dignity Who would have thought This morning was to be our lucky day? If one could only get the gold away, blanket to my house, or else to yours, perhaps For as you know, the gold is ours, chaps Wed all be at the top of fortune, hey? But certainly it cant be done by day. People would call us robbersa strong gang, So our own property would make us hang. No, we must bring this treasure back by night whatsoever prudent way, and backup it out of sight. And so as a source I propose We draw for lots and see the way it goes The one who draws the longest, lucky man, Shall run to town as quickly as he can To fetch us bread and winebut keep things dark While two remain in hiding here to mark Our heap of treasure. If theres no delay, When night comes down well carry it away, All three of us, wherever we have planned. He poised lots and hid them in his hand Biddi ng them draw for where the luck should fall. It fell upon the youngest of them all, And off he ran at once towards the town. As soon as he had gone the first sat downAnd thus began a parley with the other You know that you can trust me as a brother Now let me tell you where your profit lies You know our friend has gone to get supplies And heres a lot of gold that is to be Divided equally among us three. Nevertheless, if I could shape things thus So that we shared it outthe two of us Wouldnt you take it as a friendly act? But how? the other said. He knows the fact That all the gold was left with me and you What can we tell him? What are we to do? Is it a bargain, said the first, or no? For I can tell you in a word or so Whats to be done to bring the thing about. Trust me, the other said, you neednt doubt My word. I wont betray you, Ill be true. Well, said his friend, you see that we are two, And two are twice as powerful as one. Now look when he comes back, get up in fun To have a wrestle then, as you attack, Ill up and put my poser through his back While you and he are struggling, as in game Then draw your dagger too and do the same. Then all this money will be ours to spend, Divided equally of course, dear friend. Then we can gratify our lusts and adopt The day with dicing at our own sweet will. Thus these two miscreants concord to slayThe third and youngest, as you heard me say. The youngest, as he ran towards the town, unploughed turning over, rolling up and down Within his heart the smasher of those bright New florins, saying, Lord, to think I might Have all that treasure to myself alone Could there be anyone beneath the throne Of God so happy as I then should be? And so the Fiend, our common enemy, Was given power to put it in his thought That there was always poison to be bought, And that with poison he could kill his friends. To men in such a state the Devil sends Thoughts of this kind, and has a full permission To lure them on to sorrow and perditionFor this young man was utterly content To kill them both and never to repent. And on he ran, he had no thought to tarry, Came to the town, found an apothecary And said, Sell me many poison if you will, I have a lot of rats I wishing to kill And theres a polecat too about my yard That takes my chickens and it hits me hard But Ill get even, as is only right, With vermin that destroy a man by night. The chemist answered, Ive a preparation Which you shall have, and by my souls salvation If any living creature eat or drink A mouthful, ere he has the time to think, Though he took less than makes a grain of wheat,Youll see him fall down dying at your feet Yes, die he must, and in so short a while Youd hardly have the time to walk a mile, The poison is so strong, you understand. This cursed fellow grabbed into his hand The box of poison and away he ran Into a adjacent street, and found a man Who lent him three large bottles. He withdrew And deftly poured the poison into two. He kept the third one clean, as well he might, For his own drink, meaning to work all night Stacking the gold and carrying it away. And when this rioter, this devils clay, Had filled his bottles up with wine, all three, Back to rejoin his comrades sauntered he.Why make a sermon of it? Why use breath? Exactly in the way theyd planned his end They fell on him and slew him, two to one. Then said the first of them when this was done, Now for a drink. Sit down and lets be merry, For later on therell be the corpse to bury. And, as it happened, ambit for a sup, He took a bottle full of poison up And drank and his companion, nothing loth, Drank from it also, and they perished both. There is, in Avicennas long notification Concerning poison and its operation, Trust me, no ghastlier section to transcend What these two wretches suffered at their end.Thus these two murderers received their due, So did the treacherous young poisoner too. . . . One thing I should have mentioned in my tale, Dea r people. Ive rough relics in my bale And pardons too, as full and fine, I hope, As any in England, given me by the Pope. If there be one among you that is instinctive To have my absolution for a shilling Devoutly given, come and do not harden Your hearts but kneel in unimportance for pardon Or else, receive my pardon as we go. You can reclaim it every town or so Always provided that you still revitalize Each time, and in good money, what is due. It is an honor to you to have foundA pardoner with his credentials sound Who can absolve you as you draw the spur In any accident that may occur. For instancewe are all at Fortunes beck Your horse may harbour you down and break your neck. What a security it is to all To have me here among you and at call With pardon for the lowly and the great When soul leaves body for the future state And I advise our Host here to begin, The intimately enveloped of you all in sin. Come forward, Host, you shall be the first to pay, And kiss my holy relics right away. Only a groat. Come on, unbuckle your purse No, no, said he, not I, and may the curseOf Christ descend upon me if I do . . . The Pardoner said nothing, not a word He was so angry that he couldnt speak. Well, said our Host, if youre for showing pique, Ill joke no more, not with an angry man. The worthy Knight nowadays began, Seeing the fun was getting rather rough, And said, No more, weve all had sooner enough. Now, Master Pardoner, perk up, look cheerly And you, Sir Host, whom I esteem so dearly, I beg of you to kiss the Pardoner. Come, Pardoner, draw nearer, my dear sir. Lets express emotion again and keep the ball in play. They kissed, and we continued on our way. s

India Change over Time Essay

India is a country with a rich market-gardening and some a(prenominal) age-old traditions. Although some of these aspects of indian culture can still be seen to daylight, India has changed greatly over the year. A study contributing factor to this change was British colonization of India in the primaeval and mid-1700s colonization had both short-term and long-term impacts on India.Prior to British colonization close to of India lived in small villages and maintained a preponderantly agricultural economy. In most regions of India there is a strong thought of family and community. There are many festivals and occasions for celebration, especially weddings. As for each one region of India has elements of unique culture, occasions and celebrations can vary widely. Before colonization, passel lived in extended families. A son would not leave his parents stem when he married. Instead, his untested wife would live with her husbands family and release for and serve his household .Women had very few choices or rights. They were expected to obey their vex until they married, and so they would obey their husband. If their husband died, they would be expected to obey their father-in-law. Houses were make of wood, reeds, mud bricks and straw. People slept, ate and sat on the floor, and furniture in houses was not common prior to colonization. Jainism, Hinduism and Buddhism are the three religions that are believed to find shaped Indian thought religions that are practices world-wide.Many motivations pushed Europeans towards colonizing extraneous lands. Primarily, nations completed colonies to gain sparing profits. In addition to a desire for economic profit, nationalism likewise served as a reason for colonization. Europeans used the ideas of the clean Mans Burden to help justify their colonization of foreign lands. The White Mans Burden was the idea that as self-governing beings, it was the job of the white people to spread their superior ways of fina ncial support to the inferior people of other places. Britain discovered the Indian sub-continent when it was looking to blow up its vast empire. In the mid eighteenth century, India became one of bully Britains most important colonies. Great Britain relied heavily on India as a source of raw materials. Britain profited from Indias vast supply of tea and cotton. source in 1757, the East India lodge, which was overseen by the British government, ru take India.Britain did benefit from the line however, notwithstanding the obvious injustices associated with colonization, India also experienced positive impacts. While Great Britain felt that they were being very generous to the Indian people in colonizing and modernizing the nation, the Indians did not always agree with this. Under British rule, many new roads, railways, and harbors were built, and a telegraph system was created. While the Indians were forced to do some(prenominal) labor in the construction of these things, they w ere very much kept from enjoying and benefiting from the finished products. In fact, the Indian people were treated as second class citizens in their own nation.They were banned from many government positions, and had little rights. They often true lower wages than Europeans working in the same job, and their educations did little for them. The Indians lastly came together to fight against the way that they were treated influenced by the same feel of nationalism that had prompted the British to colonize India more than a century before. afterwards much hard work, India finally gained in seemence from Great Britain in venerable 1947 however, although India gained independence all ties with the British nation were not cut.One of the offset printing impacts that colonization had in India was the development of unity. When Britain first acquired India as a addiction the country was divided. The British imposed system impacted India by bring more equality to the country as the ca ste system which outline social hierarchy was adapted. It is also significant that Britain accepted all of the religions of India which also allowed unity to prosper. India has also experienced positive impacts from the institution established and whence left behind by the colonizers. The institutions established by the British Raj and then inherited by India helped lead to nation in modern day India. The assistance of these institutions assisted India in becoming the worlds largest democracy immediately. It is also of note that Britain first introduced India to early capitalism through colonization. Britain transform India into an agricultural based capitalist economy and established forms of private ownership.These actions led India into creating free trade and competitive business. Today India is the largest provider of services in the world in large part due to colonization however, it is ambiguous if without colonization this would be possible. The Indian population is abl e to compete in the service sector due to the positive impact of the English spoken language being left behind post British rule. When colonization was occurring in India schools were established which taught and offered instruction in English. It is also of note that the East India Company had a positive impact by establishing some services much(prenominal) as rail throughout the country. The culture of India was also greatly impacted. As the English language spread, indigenous languages were diminished, and the culture, as a whole, began to take on a more European style.Under colonial rule India often depended on Great Britian for such things as technological advances and manufactured goods. at one time it became independent, India slowly fell behind the rest of the world, as it had to learn to depend less on other nations and more on itself. India, even today, is considered a third-world country. The nations that were once under colonial rule, such as India, are for the most p art the nations that are currently undergoing industrial revolutions.In addition to colonization changing the culture of India, it also affected that of the mother country, Great Britain. village led to an increased diversity of culture in Great Britain. This was because many people from India began to move to Great Britain. Today, Great Britain is still home to many Indian people.The impacts of British colonization were huge and the changes made to India as a nation were great. However, not all of that rich culture was lost. Many of those lord religions such as Jainism, Hinduism and Buddhism are still practiced world-wide. Also, even though English is common in education and business, the official language of India today is Hindi. Indians continue to be proud of their culture and traditional Indian buildings, attire, and springer can still be seen throughout the country.

Educational stages Essay

The K to 12 Program covers Kindergarten and 12 long time of basic reproduction (six years of primary education, four years of Junior mettlesome school, and two years of Senior high school) to issue sufficient time for tmastery of concepts and skills, develop lifelong learners, and prep be garduaes for the tertiary education, middle-levels skills development, employment, and entreprenuership.The K+12 educational program is perceived by the Aquino administration as the long term solution to poverty. This program aims to give every school-age child a quality education that go out make them globally competitive. This will be done by decongesting the curricilum and using quality materials for learning such as textbooks. Aside from this, high quality teacher will be given priority. High standards will also be set in Mathematics, English and Science in all levels. Thus eliminating the perception the heights education is preparatory for college.ISSUES AND CONCERNSOne of the major ca mpaign platform of Pres. Aquino is the K to 12 educational program and it is also one of the just about contentious initiatives. On May 15, President Aquino signed into law the program mandating Filipino pupils to attend kindergarten, six years of elementary school education, four years of junior high school and two years of senior high school. The signing officially ended the countrys 10-year basic education cycle, which now exists only in Angola and Djibouti.K to 12 hopes to decongest the curriculum, by human beings exposure lessons over 12 years, instead of cramming them into 10. K to 12 hopes to do forward with college remedial classes, by improving the quality of high-school instruction. K to 12 hopes to entertain the rights of Filipino children who, at 18, argon legally and emotionally still kids, extemporaneous for work or university.. Some problems that abound with K to 12 omit of family, school, government resources the herculean task of implementation the need to a ddress more than urgent concerns such as early and massive dropouts.Manyschools are currently not ready for Grades 11 and 12. Aside from lack of classrooms, their teachers are not trained to handle higher-level subjects, like calculus for students who want to major in the sciences in university. K to 12 would be far more difficult to implement in already overcrowded and poorly equipped public schools, where many teachers are insufficiently trained, classes are often held in five-fold shifts and most students struggle to make ends meet.The biggest problem of K to 12 has of all time been, and will always be, the cost. Even if public education is free, families have to hap for transportation and supplies. An additional two years is a burden for most Filipino families, who want their children to finish school quickly so they shag work.

Reflective Report

The purpose of this report is to reflect upon an aspect of my development that I have encountered through bug out my time as a student in Personal and professed(prenominal) Development (PPD) class conducted by lecturer Mr. Jeremy Ivan Thambirajah. I am a student hither(predicate) for almost a semester, and over my time here I have gained a lot than expected. Going through the PPD plan has taught me so much. It taught me how to be me. I have learned here how to draw up and express myself, how to think for myself and how to find answers to the things that I do not know.Most importantly, I have learned how important self esteem is when conducting a presentation. I learnt that ethics, like how we dress when conducting a presentation is very important. The lecturer has do me aware of these formal systems of organization that enable nation carry out tasks in the workplace. I even find the class exercises enabled me to be to a greater extent than disciplined, in others words, it has taught me to manage myself properly when it comes to completing coursework given by the lecturer. On top of that, it gave me a better team working skills, thus managing others considerably and overall was a good exercise in time management.I enkindle be slightly rough getting my own way. Although I assess myself as a good listener, I could benefit from considering other peoples opinions more carefully. Through this I can conclude here that this programme has enlightened me on the need for self-development. Even though I prefer to avoid confrontation, especially with people I know well. However, this is something that I need to overcome in order to be a palmy leader. This, I realised after going through the PPD programme. I alike found myself to be more confident with the work that I was depute by the lecturer.I have learnt to be patient and to communicate effectively. Writing had eer been one of my strengths, but it was challenging to take that initial step gone the high s chool, five-paragraph essay form that constricted my ideas for so long. Moving past(a) this form, however, has greatly opened my mind. My thoughts are now able to be more complex because I have learned to adapt a tenacious argument in an organized way. I have reflected on this regard and concluded that I should not forget these experiences. I still wished we had been taught about more stuffs, like how to manage stress.

Tampakan Mining – Case Study

Tampakan work out Sustainability level 2010 Contents 1 1 2 4 6 10 12 16 20 22 About the Tampakan tomentum favorable undertaking Map of trading operations administrator normal Managers message General Managers message Targets and Scorecard chain of mountains of the report Our sustainable increase strategy and corporate governance incorporate governance and Sustainable Development counselling system Our economic contributions slip get word Training in high-value crop production boosts income, prepares farmers for Tampakan bulge out 24Our sight and their workplace 24 Employing locally 24 Employee training and education 25 Labor relations 25 Non-discrimination policy 28 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 30 31 Safety and wellness behavioral based Safety (bbS) Safest tap award Occupational health health control and services Health and hygiene monitoring First Aid and emergency response Health promotion and awareness Health impact assessment occurrence study Hazard reporting Case s tudy Tampakan Project promotes safety kitchen-gardening inside and out 32 32 32 33 33 33 33 34 34 34 35 36 37Sustainable communities Corporate Social Involvement Socio-economic sustainability Environment programs Cultural sustainability S come acrossholder credit and work Community sustainability focussing systems Community grievance Free and Prior assured Consent and resettlement Artisanal and small-scale taplaying Case study roving Community Information and Resource Center Case study SMI supports forward-looking education programs Case study SMI trains barangay health workers 38 38 38 39 39 39 39 40 40 40 40 40 41 42 43 43 43 45 46 47environmental performance Environmental incidents Reforestation program Environmental Management System Environmental Impact Assessment Water management biodiversity Climate change Waste management Energy Mine closing and rehabilitation Ongoing rehabilitation post mine closure Case study Training on production of high-quality seedlings Case study get wind on Lake buluan completed Product stewardship hair and Sustainable Development Copper and health Summary of key sustainability data Global Reporting go-ahead Index Glossary About Xstrata plcXstrata is a global diversified mining group, listed on the London and Swiss stock exchanges. Headquartered in Zug, Switzerland, Xstrata maintains a substantive gravel in seven major international commodity markets slob, coking coal, caloric coal, ferrochrome, nickel, vanadium and zinc, with additional exposure to gold, cobalt, lead and silver. The Xstrata Group also comprises a growing platinum group metals bank line, iron ore gives, recycling facilities and a suite of global technology products, many of which are industry leaders. The Groups operations and projects span 20 countries.About Xstrata Copper Xstrata Copper is the worlds fourth largest copper producer. In 2010, its attributable mined production of copper contained in cathodes and concentrates reached 931,500 tonnes. It is also one of the worlds largest producers of smelter and not bad(p) copper, including from third-party materials. Headquartered in brisbane, Australia, Xstrata Copper is one of the commodity business enterprise units within the major global diversified mining group, Xstrata plc. Its mining and metallurgical operations and knowledge projects span eight countries Argentina, Australia, Canada, Chile, PapuaNueva Guinea, Peru, the Filipinos and the United States. Its operations and projects are administered through a regional divisional management structure, which ensures that critical decisions are taken pen up to the related businesses. Xstrata Copper also has a recycling business (Xstrata Recycling) with plants in the United States and offices in Canada and Asia. b TAMPAKAN purport About the Tampakan Copper-Gold Project The Tampakan Copper-Gold Project is located on the southern Philippine island of Mindanao, approximately 40 kilometers atomic number 7 of General S antos City.The Project is situated on the boundaries of four provinces South Cotabato, Sarangani, sultan Kudarat and Davao del Sur, and represents one of the worlds largest undeveloped copper-gold deposits. The Tampakan Project is a 2. 4 billion metric ton deposit, containing 13. 5 million metric heaps of copper and 15. 8 million ounces of gold at a 0. 3 % cut-off grade. The Project is operated by Philippine-based affiliate Sagittarius Mines, Inc. (SMI), whose 40% controlling paleness is a joint venture between Xstrata Copper (62. 5%) and Indophil Resources NL (37. %). The 60% non-controlling equity shareholders of SMI are the Tampakan Mining Corporation and Southcot Mining Corporation (known as the Tampakan Group of Companies). SMI leaseted the Mining Project Feasibility Study for the Tampakan Project to the Philippine government in April 2010 and is progressing with the Mine and Off-site Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs). SMI expects to submit the Mine Environmental Impac t Statement (EIS) to the government by the endorse half of 2011. In December 2010, the Project employed 372 employees and 1,185 contractors.The Tampakan Project is managed by Xstrata Copper and adheres to the Xstrata Groups industry-leading Sustainable Development (SD) Policy and Standards, business Principles, Code of Conduct and Policy on bribery, Fraud and Corruption. Map of operations Manila Catanduanes Mindoro Masbate Samar Ley te Cebu Negros Palawan MINDANAO Zamboanga Davao Tampakan General Santos SUSTAINAbILIT y REPORT 2010 1 Executive General Managers message Xstrata Coppers Asia peaceable projects made significant progress in 2010, achieving a number of weighty milestones.The strong recovery in global demand for copper in 2010, together with robust copper prices, enabled Xstrata Copper to finish the year with a solid set of operational and financial results. The business was well positioned to take advantage of these favorable economic conditions as a result of the action s taken by our management teams during 2009 in response to the global financial crisis, including responsible cost reductions in the context of an unwavering focus on sustainable development and on our growth strategy.Xstrata Coppers commitment to sustainable development remained firm in 2010 and was reflected in the 22 national and regional awards presented to our sites during the year for excellence in this field. At the Group level, Xstrata retained its position as Mining Sector Leader on the Dow Jones Sustainability Index in 2010/11, for the fourth consecutive year, and was named as the Super Sector Leader for primary Resources industries. As part of the Xstrata Group, the principles of sustainable development are integral to our business model and guide our daily decision-making.We take a systematic greet to setting targets, monitoring performance and reporting, both infixedly and externally, against our sustainable development policy, standards and targets. Throughout the year, our sustainable development performance was closely monitored and evaluated by the Xstrata Copper Sustainable Development Committee. Our sites also participated in a range of internal and external audits to provide assurance against the sustainability standards of Xstrata Copper and those of the Xstrata Group.Following an annual review of our management policies, we launched an integrated Xstrata Copper Sustainable Development Policy in may which strengthened our published position on human rights improved the continuative between the policy objectives of the Xstrata Group, Xstrata Copper and our operations and simplified our overall sustainable development framework. Due to the significant advancement of our project development pipeline, in early 2010 Xstrata Copper restructured the organization of our project development activities to capitalize on our regional synergies in South America and Asia Pacific.Under the new structure, Executive General Manager Project Developme nt South America, bob Drabik, assumed righteousness for the development our Antapaccay, Las bambas and El Pachon projects in Peru and Argentina. As Executive General Manager- Project Development Asia Pacific, I retained responsibility for the Tampakan project in the Philippines and Frieda River project in Papua New Guinea. Our Asia Pacific projects made significant progress in 2010, achieving a number of important milestones. In April, the Tampakan project submitted its Mining Project Feasibility Study to the Philippine government.The project also completed its mine site Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in December, for public consultation and submission during 2011. In addition, the project commenced the EIA process for its offsite infrastructure, including the port, power station, filter plant, transmission system lines and pipelines, in the second half of the year. The Frieda River project delivered its pre-feasibility study in October 2010 and commenced a drilling program and technical studies for a feasibility study which is TAMPAKAN PROJECT scheduled for completion in January 2012. The project also continued to abbreviate extensive environmental baseline studies and stakeholder engagement activities for its ESIA which is scheduled for completion in 2011. The health and well-being of our employees, contractors and visitors continued to be a key antecedence for the Asia Pacific projects throughout the year. In 2010, the projects achieved their Lost Time Injury frequence Rate (LTIFR) target of

Why Was the Work of Andy Warhol in the 1960’s?

A2 Art Essay Why was the belong of Andy Warhol and Roy Lichtenstein immediately popular in the 1960s? Roy Lichtenstein rapidly became popular in the 1960s with his truly original pop art pieces which he ground many on comic strips, advertisements or newspapers. These tended to be the main consumption for his work this is because the subjects would tend to be exceedingly emotional and melospectacular. He became an beau ideal to the American culture by adding in comic book characters which were very popular at the time.One of his most renowned pieces that he make was intimately certainly WHAAAM which is based on an image from All American men of War published by DC comics in 1962. This is a wondrous piece that reflects strongly what life was analogous around that period of time, this made it extremely popular amongst the people. The painting shows a rocket cosmos discharged from an aircraft into an enemy plane, with a large red-and-yellow explosion on the plane being hit. T he cartoon is made a great deal more dramatic by the use of the onomatopoeic lettering Whaam and the boxed caption on the top left of the painting reading, I pressed the fire wangle and ahead of me rockets blazed through the sky like the painting WHAAAM many of Roy lichtensteins full treatment were hard-edged with commercial techniques and he utilize flat and new colours which were used to portray culturally-popular pop images. Another one of my favourite pieces is Girl with thenar I find it portrays a strong sense of emotion to viewers, like many of his other pieces it only tells a snippet of the story and the residual is left to the viewers imagination.This is the aspect that I love the most, each of his pictures ar overly dramatic with sometimes a speech bubble to break up you an idea of the story behind the painting, it really makes the viewer think astir(predicate) the piece and let their imagination run wild and decipher meanings for themselves. This is what I am pla nning on achieving through my coursework, I have examine various works of Roy Lichtensteins and through taking photos, have knowing my own pieces that also tell a story. Andy Warhol is another New York artisan that developed in this genre that used very similar techniques to Roy Lichtenstein.

Women Rights in Islam – Modernizing or Outdated?

Wo custody Rights in Islam Modernizing or Outdated? Definition check to the Oxford dictionary, Wo manpowers Rights argon the proper(ip)s that promote a position of social and ratified equality, of wo hands to men. According to the Oxford dictionary, they argon the in effect(p)s, claimed for the women, equal to those of men, as regards to suffrage that right to vote, as regards to property, etc. Modernizing fit in to the Oxford dictionary reputes, to make moderne, to adapt to modern necessarily or habits And according to the Websters dictionary it way to make modern, or to let aside a new character or appearance e. . , to everywherehaul hotshots ideas In short, modernizing is a process of updating or opting for the advancement of the bewilder status itself It is non the present modern status itself. Can we recrudesce ourselves, to master our problems, and to realize a new way of populacener, for the whole homophile race? I am not concerned ab disclose the mod ern ideas, the conclusions and the categorical statements made by scientists and inexperienced armchair experts, as how a intent should be lived by a cleaning skirt. I am going to trading floor my conclusions and considerations on truth, which pot be proved by experience.Experience and unsophisticated factual holistic analysis, atomic number 18 the sure test, between the gold of truth, and the illumination of theory. We relieve virtuosoself to check our thinking everyplace against reality, some otherwise military personnely a times, our psychological process pull up s live withs go astray Indeed the great brains of champion time, believed that the valet de chambre was flat. Women Rights in the West If we determine with the Womens rights in Islam as portrayed by the Western media, you construct no election, but to agree that the Womens rights in Islam argon overage.The Western talk of womens spill is very a disguised form of exploitation of her body, deprivati on of her recognize and degradation of her soul. The Western society which turn tos of upgrading the status of women in Islam, catch actu whollyy reduced her status to concubines, to mistresses, to society butterflies, which be mere tools in the pass on of sex marketers and pleasure seekers, which are disguised behind the colorful covering of art and culture. Women Rights in Islam Islams radical revolutionary support, gave women their due right and status n the days of ignorance 1,400 eld ago. Islams aim was and continues to be, to modernize our thinking, our living, our seeing, our hearing, our feeling and striving for the womens upliftment and e art objectcipation in the society. beforehand I d swell up further with the topic, I would standardized you to make note of a few points. Approximately one ordinal of the worlds macrocosm consists of Muslims. There are different Muslim societies Some may be close to Islam, some may be far away from Islam. The Womens rights in Islam should judge according to the dependable sources, and not what individual Muslims do, or what the Muslim society does. The authentic sources of Islam are the Quran, which is the word of immortal, and the authentic Sunnah, and the traditions of our jockeyd prophet ( field pansy be upon him). Quran get pop never negate itself, nor will the authentic hadith contradict itself neither will these two authentic sources, contradict individu altogethery other. Sometimes the scholars differ, and m each a times, these differences can be aloof by analyzing the Quran as a whole, and not just by quoting one sliceicular rime.Because if one jumpicular verse of the Quran is am vastuous m either a times the answer is enduen somewhere else in the Quran Some large number quote one source and neglect all the other sources. It is the business of both(prenominal) Muslim, manly or feminine, to seek the pleasure of immortal, and to act as His trustee on this world, and not to tr y and gain fame or execute ones own ego. Islam believes in equality of men and women equality does not mean identicality In Islam, the role of a man and fair sex is complimentary, it is not conflicting. It is that of a partnership, it is not contradictory, so as to strive for supremacy.Where Womens rights in Islam is concerned, I name divided it into 6 broad categories. 6 Categories of Women Rights in Islam The first are the Spiritual rights second are the efficient rights third are the Social rights fourth are the educational rights fifth are the Legal rights and last are the Political rights. Sex is non the Criteria to Enter nirvana The greatest misconception that the West has about Islam, is that they think Paradise in Islam, is but meant for the male it is not meant for the female This misconception can be removed by quoting from Surah Nisa, Ch. no(prenominal) , euphony zero(prenominal)124, which give voices, If any of you do deeds of righteousness, whether it be ma le or a female and has faith, they shall certainly enter Paradise and not the least injustice shall be make to them. A similar social occasion is repeated in Surah Nahl, Ch. 16, poesy zero(prenominal) 97 which says If any of you perform good deeds, be it a man or a char and is a believer, We shall give you good life and We should reciprocate you for all your good civilises. that because in Islam, sex is not the criteria to enter Paradise, will you environ much(prenominal)(prenominal) rights in Islam as modernizing or outdated? A. Spiritual Rights of Women in Islamanother(prenominal) misconception is that, which the Western media has, that, The woman has no soul. In fact, it was in the s dismantleteenth century, when the Council of wise men, when they gathered at Rome, and they unanimously agreed that the woman had no soul. In Islam, man and woman ache the alike(p) spiritual genius. It is mentioned in Quran, Ch. 4, poetise zero(prenominal) 1, which says that, O clem entityness reverence your Guardian sea captain, who has created you from a single person and created like spirit his mate. A similar thing is mentioned in Surah Nahl, Ch. 16, meter no(prenominal) 72, which says that, We consider made for you companions and mates of your own nature.In Surah Al-Shura, Ch. 42, verse line nary(prenominal) 11, it says, He is the one who has created the heavens and the earth and has made for you pairs from among yourselves. Just because the spiritual nature of a man and woman is the same in Islam, will you echo much(prenominal) rights in Islam, as modernizing or outdated? The Quran clearly mentions that, deity has breathed somewhat of His spirit into the human beingnesss. If you occupy Surah Hijr, Ch. 15, Verse no(prenominal) 29, it says, When I have fashioned you in due proportion and have breathed into you something of my spirit, fall you down in obeisance. A similar thing is repeated in the Quran, in Surah Sajdah, Ch. 2, Verse nary(prenomin al) 9, which says, Then He fashioned him and breathed into him of His Spirit here, when god refers to as Something of My Spirit, is breathed into the human beings? E- it does not mean, a sort of incarnation or a pantheist form. It means that solelyah has presumption to every human being something of His spiritual Nature, and the cognition of God Almighty, and coming closer towards Him. hither it refers to some(prenominal)(prenominal) Adam and evening (may peace be upon them) Both were breathed something of Gods Spirit. Again we read in the Quran, that Allah has appointed the human being as His vicegerent, s His trustee, as is mentioned in Surah Isra, Ch. 17, Verse no(prenominal) 70, which says, We have honoured the kidren of Adam and bestowed on them special favours? E nonee, here all the children of Adam have been honoured, male as well as female. There are some Religious scriptures, for example the Bible, which puts the charge up on Eve for the downfall of humanity. In fact if you read the Quran in Surah Araf, Ch. 7, Verse no 19 to 27, Adam and Eve (may peace be upon them two) are ad clothinged, more(prenominal)(prenominal) than a dozen of times. Both disobeyed God, both asked for free pardon, both repented, and both were for stipulation.In the Bible, if you read Genesis, Ch. 3, only Eve is held responsible (May peace be upon her) for the downfall of humanity. And according to the doctrine of Original Sin? E because of Eve (may peace be upon her) the whole of humanity is born(p) in sin. Does Pregnancy Uplift the Women or Degrade? If you read the Bible in Genesis, Ch. 3, Verse No. 16, it says that, To the woman He (God) express, I will greatly multiply your pain in childbearing in pain you shall take on forth children, yet your desire shall be for your husband, and he shall rule over you. That means, pregnancy and child birth has been verbalise in the Bible to write down the women and the labor pain is a sort of penalisation. In fact if you read the Quran, pregnancy and child birth have uplifted the women. If you read Surah Nisa, Ch. 4, Verse No. 1, it says, Respect the womb that bore you Its mentioned in Surah Luqman, Ch. 31, Verse No. 14, it says, We have enjoined on the human being to be gracious to the parents, in travail upon travail did their amaze bore them and in socio-economic classs duo was their weaning. A similar thing is mentioned in Surah Ahqaf, Ch. 46, Verse No. 5, it again repeats, which says, We have enjoined on the human beings to be openhearted to his parents. To be kind to the parents in pain did their mother bore them, and in pain did she give them birth Pregnancy in the Quran has uplifted the women not degraded her. Just because pregnancy has uplifted the women in Islam will you call such rights in Islam as modernizing or outdated? Criteria in the Sight of God to try on Male and Female The only criteria for judgment in the plenty of Allah is Taqwa God consciousness or righteousness It is mentioned in Surah Hujurat, Ch. 49, Verse No. 3 O humankind, We have created you from a single pair of male and female and have divided you into nations and tribes, so that you shall recognize each other not that you despise each other and the around honored in the sight of God, is the one who is the near righteous. Sex, color, caste, wealth has got no criteria in Islam The only criteria in the sight of God is righteousness neither is sex the criteria for God to reward or to punish a person. If you read Surah Imran Ch. 3 Verse No. 195 it says I will never suffer the loss of any of you, be it male or female, you are companions unto each other.Equal Moral Duties for work force and Women I had started my talk by quoting a verse from the Quran from Surah Al Ahzab, Ch. 33, Verse No. 35, which says, For Muslim men and Muslim women, for believing men and women, for devout men and women, for true men and women, for men and women who are patient and constant, for men and women who give in charity, for men and women who fast and deny themselves, for men and women who defense their chastity, for men and women who engage much in Gods praise, God has prepared for them forgiveness and a vast reward.This verse indicates that the spiritual duties, the lesson duties, for the men and women in Islam are the same Both have to believe, both have to pray, both have to fast, both have to give in charity, etc, etc. save the women has been given certain concession in Islam. If she is undergoing her menstrual period or pregnancy, she does not have to fast She can withstand those fasts later on, when she is more healthy. During the menstrual period and during the postnatal period, she learns not pray likewise she has been given the concession, and neither does she have to compensate it later on.Just because the moral duties of the men and women are equal in Islam will you call such rights in Islam as modernizing or outdated? B. Economical Rights to the Women Islam ga ve economical rights to the women 1,300 years originally the West. An adult Muslim woman can own, she can modify or disown any of her property without consulting any one, ir wishive whether she is conjoin or she is single. In 1870, it was the first time in England, that the West recognize the rights of the wed woman, where she was allowed to own or dispose any of her property without consultation.I do agree that the women were given their economical rights 1300 years ago these are ancient rights but the question is ? Eare they modernizing or outdated Enbsp Women on Job A women in Islam, if she wishes to work she can work There is no text in the Quran or the authentic Hadith which prevents or makes it overtop for a woman to do any work, as long as it is not unlawful, as long as it is within the preview of the Moslem Shariah, as long as she maintains her Muslim dress code. except natural, she cannot take up jobs, which exhibit her beauty and body desire for example, mode ling and film acting, and such kind of jobs. some of the professions and jobs which are require for the woman are besides prohibited for the man, for example serving alcohol, functional in gambling dens, doing any unethical or dishonest business. All these jobs are prohibited for both men and women. A true Moslem society requires women to take up profession such as doctors. We do require female Gynecologists, we do require female nurses, we do require female teachers.But, a woman in Islam has got no monetary obligations The financial obligation is laid on the shoulders of the man in the family Therefore she need not work for her livelihood. But in genuine cases, where there are financial crisis in which both the ends do not meet, she has the option of working. Here too, no one can force her to work She works out of her own, absolute free will. Financial Security for Women A woman in Islam has been given more financial security, as compared to the man. As I told you earlier , the financial obligation is not put on her shoulder It is put on the shoulder of the man in the family.It is the duty of the arrest or the brother, before she is married and the duty of the husband or the son, after(prenominal) she is married to tone of voice after her lodging, boarding, clothing and financial aspects of her. Compulsory Marital Gift for a womanhood When she gets married, she is on the receiving end. She receives a gift she receives a dower or a marital gift, which is called as Meher? E And it is mentioned in the Quran in Surah Nisa, Ch. 4 Verse No. 4 which says, Give to the woman in dower, a marital gift? E For a spousal to solemnize in Islam, Meher? Eis compulsory.But unfortunately in our Muslim society here, we just keep a nominal Meher? Eto satisfy the Quran, say 151 Rupees, or some people give 786 Rupees and they spend lakhs and lakhs of Rupees on the reception, on the decoration, on the flowers, on the eat parties, on the dinner parties. In Islam, the re is no lower-limit, nor is there an hurrying limit for Meher? E- But when a person can spend lakhs of Rupees on the reception, surely the Meher ? Eshould be much more. There are various cultures which have crept into the Muslim societies, specially in the Indo-Pak area. They give a weakened sum of money of Meher?Eand they look the married woman to give a fridge, to give a T. V set, they expect the married woman to give an apartment, to give a car, etc. , and a large sum of circumstances, depending upon the status of the husband. If he is a graduate, they may expect 1 lakh If he is an engineer they may expect 3 lakhs If he is a doctor they may expect 5 lakhs. Demanding dowry from the wife, directly or indirectly is prohibited in Islam. If the parents of the girl give the girl something out of their own free will, it is accepted But demanding or forcing directly or indirectly, it is prohibited in Islam.No Financial Liabilities If a Woman works, which she does not have to w hatever earning she gets, it is absolutely her property. She need not spend on the household if she lacks to spend it is her free will. Irrespective how inscrutable the wife is, it is the duty of the husband to give lodging, boarding, clothing and look after the financial aspects of the wife. In case of divorce or if a wife gets widowed, she is given financial support for the period of Iddah? E- and if she has children, she is also given child support. Right to InheritIslam gave the right to the women to inherit, centuries ago. If you read the Quran in several(prenominal) verses, in Surah Nisa, in Surah Baqarah and in Surah Maidah, it is mentioned that a woman, irrespective she is a wife or she is a mother, or a babe, or a missy, she has a right to inherit. And it has been fixed by God Almighty in the Quran. C. Social Rights of Women in Islam Broadly it can be categorized into four sub-headings. Social rights given to a miss, to a wife, to a mother and to a sister. Social Rig hts to a Daughter Islam prohibits, female infanticide.The killing of female children is forbidden in Islam. It is mentioned in Surah Taqveem, Ch. 81, Verse No. 8 and 9, when the female child is buried active agent and when she questions you, for what crime was she killed? E Not only female infanticide has been prohibited, all sorts of infanticides has been prohibited in Islam, whether it be a male child or a female child. It is mention in the Quran in Surah Anam Ch. 6, Verse No. 151 that, Kill not your children for fate of sustenance for it is God that will leave behind sustenance for you and for children?E A similar thing is mentioned in Surah Isra, Ch. 17 Verse No. 31 which says? EKill not your children for want of sustenance, for it is God that will provide sustenance to you and your children, for killing of children is a major sin? E In the pre-Islamic Arabia, whenever a female child was born mostly she was buried alive. Alhamdullillah, after the spread of Islam this evil pr actice has been discontinued. But unfortunately it still continues in India According to a BBC authorship, in the programe subsidization the title of which was Let Her Die?E there was a British reporter by the name of Emily Beckenen, who came all the way from Britain to India to give us the statistics of the female infanticide. In that programe, it gives the statistics, that every day more than 3,000 fetuses are being aborted on being identified that they are females. If you multiply this figure by the number of days, that is multiplied by 365, you get a figure of more than one million female fetuses are being aborted every year in our country. And there are big hoarding and posters in states like Tamil Nadu and Rajasthan, which says spend 500 Rupees and save 5 lakh Rupees.What does it mean? That spend Rupees 500 on medical examination like Aminocententus or Ultra Sonography, and identify the gender of child. If it is a female you can abort it and youll save 5 lakh Rupees How? The couple of lakhs you spend on education her and the remaining lakhs of Rupees you spend on giving dowry to the man who will marry her (a custom in India). According to the report of the Government hospital of Tamil Nadu ? Eout of every 10 female children that are born, four are put to death?E- No wonder the female population in India is less than the male population. Female infanticide was continuing in India since centuries If you discerp the statistics of the 1901 census, for every grand males there were 972 females. According to the 1981 statistics and census, it tells you for every 1000 males you have 934 females. And the latest statistics of 1991 tells you that for every 1000 males you have 927 females. You can analyze that the female ratio is dropping every year And since science and medicine has advanced, it has helped in this evil practice.Just because Islam tells you that you should not kill any children whether it be male or female will you call these rights in I slam as modernizing or outdated? Quran not only prohibits female infanticide, it rebukes at the suasion of you rejoicing at the birth of a male child and acquiring saddened at the birth of a female child. In Islam, a little girl should be brought up correctly. In Islam, there should be no tenderness in upbringing of the daughter or the son. According to a Hadith, In the presence of the prophesier Muhammad, once a man kissed his son and fit(p) him on his lap but did not do the same to his daughter.The vaticinator immediately objected and said that you are unjust You should have even kissed your daughter and placed her on the other lap? E Social Rights to married woman All the previous civilizations, they have considered the women to be an instrument of the devil? E The Quran refers to the women as Mohsana? E that is a fortress against the devil? E And if a woman, whos good, marries a man, she prevents him from going on the wrong path. Theres a Hadith in which Prophet Muhammad ( peace be upon him) he said that, there is no monasticism in Islam? E. And again according to Sahih Bukhari, script No. 7, Ch. No. Hadith No 4 it says that the Prophet Muhammad ordained the childlike men, all those who have the means to marry, they should marry For it will help them to defy their gaze and guard their modesty. The Quran says that, We have put love into the hearts of the husband and wife? E If you read Surah Rum, Ch. 30, Verse No. 21 it says that, And amongst our signs We have created for you mates or companions, so that you may grizzle in them in tranquillity and we have put love and mercifulness between your hearts? E According to Surah Nisa, Ch. 4, Verse No. 21, marriage is considered as a strong agreement, a strong contract.According to Surah Nisa, Ch. 4, Verse No. 19, it says, You are prohibited to inherit women against their will? E- Means, to marry the licence of both the parties are required. It is compulsory that the man and women both should agree to m arry. No one not even the father can force their daughter to marry against her wishes. Theres a Hadith in Sahih Bukhari, Volume 7, Book 62, Number 69, which says that a lady she was obligate by her father to marry against her wishes? E- And she went to the Prophet and the Prophet invalidated the marriage? E Another Hadith in Ibn-e-Humbal, Hadith No. 469, it says that a daughter was forced by her father to get married And when the daughter approached the Prophet, the Prophet said you can either continue, or if you wish you can invalidate the marriage. That means, the live with of both the male and the female is required. In Islam, a women is considered as a homemaker She is not considered as a housewife, because she is not married to the house. many an(prenominal) people use terminology, without understanding what it means ? EHousewife? Emeans you are the wife of the house? E So I believe, from now fore the sisters would prefer business themselves homemakers?E than house wive s? E if they are industrious more in the home. In Islam, a woman, she is not married to a master that she should be treated like a slave She is married to it is equal. And there is a Hadith which says in Ibn-Hambal Hadith No 736, 7396. It says that, the most perfect of the believers are those that are best in character and behavior, and those that are best to their family and their wives? E Islam gives equal rights to the man and woman. Quran clearly mentions that men and women, husband and wife have equal rights in all aspects, except leadership in the family.It is mentioned in the Quran in Surah Baqarah Ch. 2, Verse No. 228. It says that, ? E.. the women have been given rights similar against them (men) on equitable terms but the men have a degree higher? E Most of the Muslims have construe this verse, when it says a men have a degree higher? E- As I said we should analyze the Quran as a whole. And its mentioned in Surah Nisa, Ch. 4, Verse No. 34 which says, The men are the defenders and maintainers of the women, for God has given one of them more strength than the other and they give them their means?E community say the word Kawwam? E means, one degree higher in superiority? E- But actually the word Kawwam? Ecomes from the root word Ikamah? E Ikamah? Emeans for example when you give the Ikamah before prayers You stand up? E So Ikamah? Emeans to standup so the word Kawwam? Emeans one degree higher in responsibility, not one degree higher in superiority. Even if you read the explanation of Ibne-Kathir? E- He says that the word Kawwam? Emeans one degree higher in responsibility, not one degree higher in superiority.And this responsibility, should be carried out by mutual consent of both husband and wife. It is mentioned in Surah Baqarah, Ch. 2, Verse No. 187, which says, Which means? EYour wives are your garments, and you are their garments? E Whats the objective of garments It is used to conceal and to beautify. The husband and wife, should conceal each others faults, and they should beautify each other Its a relationship of hands and gloves. The Quran mentions that, even if you do not like your wife, you should treat her kindly? E It is mentioned in Surah Nisa, Ch. 4, Verse No. 19, that, ?E.. consort with them (your wives) in kindness, for if you hate them it may happen that you hate a thing wherein God has placed much good. Even if you dislike your wife you have to treat her kindly and with equity Just because the rights of a wife are equal to those of the husband in Islam, will you call such rights in Islam as modernizing or outdated? Social Rights to a go The only thing above respect to Mother, is the worship of God It is mentioned in Ch. 17, Verse No. 28-29, It says that? EGod has ordained for you, that you worship none but Him, and to be kind to your parents.And if any one or both of them reach old age do not say a word of contempt or repel them but address them with honour, and speak to them with kindness, and lower your wing of humility and pray to God My Lord devote them as they have cherished me in childhood? E Surah Nisa, Ch. No. 4, Verse No. 1 says, Respect the womb that bore you? E Surah Anam, Ch. 6, Verse No. 151, says that, You have to be kind to your parents? E Surah Luqman Ch. 31, Verse No. 14, says that, We have enjoined on the human beings to be kind to his parents. In travail upon travail, did their mother bore them and in years duette was their weaning?E A similar thing is repeated again in Surah Ahqaf, Ch. 46, Verse No. 15, that? EWe have enjoined on the human beings to be kind to his parents. In pain did their mother bore them and in pain did she give them birth? E Another Hadith cerebrate in Sahih Bukhari in Volume 8, Ch. No. 2 Hadith No. 2, as well as in Sahih-Muslim It says that a man asked the Prophet Muhammad? EWho requires the maximum love and respect and my companionship in this world? The Prophet replied ? Eyour mother? Ebr Who is succeeding(prenominal)? E ? Eyour mother? Enbsp Who is next E? Eyour mother? EnbspThe man asked for the fourth time, Who is next? Enbsp The Prophet replied your father? E So 75% of the love and respect goes to the mother and 25% of the love and respect goes to the father. Three fourth of the better part of the love and respect goes to the mother ? EOne fourth of the remaining part of the love and respect goes to the father. Social Rights to a Sister According to Surah Tawbah, Ch. 9, Verse No. 71, it says that, The men and the women they are friends of each other? E Prophet Muhammed (may peace be upon him) he said, The women are the Shakat? E-Shakat? Emeans sister?E D. fosterageal Rights to a Woman The first 5 verses which were revealed in the Quran were from Surah Alaq, or Surah Iqra, Verse No. 1 to 5 which says Read, recite or proclaim in the name of your Lord, Who has created the human beings from a congealed clot of blood (a sponge like substance). Read, your Lord is most bountiful. Who has taught the use of the pen. Who has taught the human beings that which he knew-not? E The first guidance given in the Quran to the humankind was not to pray, was not to fast, was not to give charity It was read Islam pays utmost splendour to education.Education is Compulsory in Islam According to Quran God will urge those of you who believe and those who are given knowledge to high degrees. (5811) And say, O my Lord increase me in knowledge. (20114) And whoever is is given knowledge is given indeed luxuriant wealth. (2269) According to a saying of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) It is obligatory for every Muslim, male or female, to acquire knowledge (Al-Bayhaqi). Imagine, 1400 years ago, when the women were ill treated and were only used as property, Islam asked the women to be educated.Because Islam tells that every woman should be educated, willing you call such womens rights in Islam as modernizing or outdated? E. Legal Rights to a Woman According to the Islamic law, men and women are equal The Isl amic Law protects the life and property of a man and woman both. If a man murders a woman he too will receive the capital penalization of Kisaas? E According to the Islamic law of Kisaas? E men and women irrespective the wounding be of the eye, of the nose, of the ear, of the body both receive equal punishment.And if the guardian of the murderer, even it be a woman If she says, that forgive the murderer and she accepts Dia? E that is compensation her opinion cannot be rejected they have to accept it. And if theres difference of opinion between the relatives of the person whose murdered And some say that the murderer should be killed and some say that he should be forgiven and Dia? Enbsp should be accepted people should prevent the relatives from killing that murderer. And irrespective whether the witness or the opinion is given by a man or woman, it has same weight. According to Surah Maida, Ch. , Verse No. 30 It says? EAs to the freebooter, whether he be man or a woman, cut off his or her hand as a punishment for his crime, an example from God? E Means, if a person robs, irrespective whether he is a man or a woman his or her hands should be chopped The punishment is the same. According to Surah Nur, Ch. 24, Verse No. 2, it says If any commits fornication, be it a man or a woman, flog them with 100 stripes? E The punishment for fornication in Islam irrespective whether it is a man or a woman, it is the same Flogging with 100 stripes. The punishment for men and women, is the same in Islam.In Islam a woman is allowed to give witness Imagine, Islam gave right to a woman to be a witness, 14 centuries ago. Even now in as late as 1980, the Jewish Rabai, they were considering that whether the women should be given a right to act as a witness or not And Islam gave that right 1400 years ago. According to Surah Nur, Ch. 24, Verse No. 4, it is said If any of you put a charge against the chastity of a woman, produce 4 witnesses, and if they falter, flog the m with 80 stripes? E In Islam for a small crime, you require 2 witness for a big crime you require 4 witnesses.Accusing a woman falsely is a big crime in Islam, therefore you require 4 witnesses. Now a days you see in the modern society, you find men abusing women and calling them all sorts of name. They call them prostitutes etc, and nothing is done. In an Islamic state, if a man calls her a prostitute? Ein public or anywhere else, and if she takes that man to judicatory And if that man cannot produce 4 witnesses or even if he produces 4 witnesses and any one of them falter, all of them will receive 80 lashes each, and in future all their evidence will be rejected.Islam gives utmost importance to the chastity of the woman. When a lady marries, she normally adopts the name of her husband. In Islam she has the option of either keeping her husbands name, either adopting the name of the husband, or maintaining her world-class name. And maintaining the maiden name is recommended in Islam And we find in several Muslim societies that women, even after they get married they maintain their maiden name, because according to the Islamic law men and women are equal. Will you call such rights in Islam modernizing or outdated? F. Political Rights of a WomanAccording to Surah Tawba, Ch. 9, Verse No. 71, The men and the women they are friends (supporters) of each other? E Supporters not only Socially even Politically ? EPolitically, men and women should support each other. Women can even take part in law making. And according to the famous Hadith in which Hazrat Umar (may Allah be smiling with him), he was discussing with the Sahabas, and considering putting an upper limit on the Meher ? E since youth men were discouraged from getting married a lady from the second seat she objected and said When the Quran says in Surah Nisa Ch. , Verse No. 20 that? E you can even give a plenteousness of treasure, a heap of gold in Meher? E when Quran puts no limit on Meher? E who is Umar to put a limit (may Allah be pleased with him). And immediately Hazrat Umar (peace be upon him) said? EUmar is wrong and the lady is right? E Imagine, she was a frequent lady If it would have been a famous lady, the name of the lady would be mentioned in the Hadith. Since the Hadith does not mention the name of the lady, we can understand that the lady was a common lady. Means, even a common lady can object to the Khalifa?E the head of the state. And in good terms it would be called that ? Eshe is objecting to the breach of the constitution? E- because Quran is the constitution of the Muslims That means a woman can even take part in law making. Women have even taken part in the betrothal fields There is a full chapter in the Sahih Bukhari mentioning women in the affair field Women gave water they give first aid to the soldiers. Because the Quran says Man is the protector of the Woman? E Under normal circumstances, the women should not go to the troth field. It is t he duty of the man.Only when required, under necessity are women allowed and they should go to the passage of arms field if they want. Otherwise youll have the same position as you are having in the USA. Women in USA are Not Safe In USA women were allowed to join the battle since 1901 but they were not allowed to take active part They only played the part of a nurse. Later on after the Feminist Movement? Ehad started in 1973, the Feminist movement? Edemanded ? EWhy arent women allowed to take active part in the battle field E/font So the American government allowed women to take active part in the battle field.And according to a report of the Defense Department of America, which was released on the 23rd of April, 1993 it said that, ? E0 people were sexually assaulted in a convention, out of which 83 were women and 117 officers were charged with in disciplinary action? E Imagine in one convention only, 83 women sexually assaulted. What was the crime of those 117 officers? They ma de the women run and they snatched at their clothes. They made them display absolutely nude without even covering the genital parts. They were made to have sex in public. Is this what you call Womens rights? EIf you think that this is what is Womens right? E then you can keep your rights to yourselves. We do not want our sisters, our daughters our mothers to be sexually assaulted. And there was a uproar in the parliament and the President, Bill Clinton he himself had to apologize publicly and he said, incumbent action will be taken? E And you know when politicians say necessary action will be taken, what happens. So Islam allows women to take part in the battle field only when required. But there also they should maintain their Islamic dress and the Islamic ethics, and their modesty.USA Has One of the Highest grade of Rape United States of America is suppose to be one of the most advanced countries of the world. It also has one of the highest rates of cosset in any country in the world. According to a FBI report, in the year 1990, every day on an average 1756 cases of rape were committed in U. S. A alone. Later another report said that on an average nonchalant 1900 cases of rapes are committed in USA. The year was not mentioned. May be it was 1992 or 1993. May be the Americans got bolder? Ein the following years. Islamic Law Lets Women suspire EasilyConsider a scenario where the Islamic law is employ in America. Whenever a man looks at a woman and any tacky or unashamed thought comes to his mind, he lowers his gaze. Every woman wears the Islamic dress as mentioned in Quran. After this if any man commits rape he is given capital punishment. I ask you, in such a scenario, will the rate of rape in America increase, will it remain the same, or will it decrease? If Islamic law is implemented in any part of the world, women will breathe easier. Conclusion Before I conclude, Id like to give an example.As I said in the beginning of my talk, Islam believes in equality between men and women Equality does not mean identicality. Suppose in a schoolroom 2 pupils, scholar A? Eand B? E during an examination both come out first Both secure 80% label 80 out of 100. When you analyze the question paper, the question paper has 10 different questions, each carrying 10 marks. In question 1 student A? Egot 9 out of 10, and student B? Egot 7 out of 10 So in question 1 student A? Ewas higher than student B? E In question 2, student A? Egot 7 out of 10 and student B? Egot 9 out of 10 Student B?Ewas higher than student A? Ein question number 2. In question 3 both of them got 8 out of 10, both were equal. So when we add up the marks of all the ten questions, both student A? Eand B? Egot 80 out of 100. So in short, student A? Eand student B? Eare over all equal. In some questions A? Eis higher than B? E in some questions B? Eis higher than A? E in others both are equal. In the same fashion, taking the example that since God has given man more stre ngth Suppose a thief enters the house will you tell, I believe in womens rights I believe in womens rights?E will you tell your mother, your sister and your daughter, to go and compact the thief E No, but natural youll fight him If required they may interfere Under normal circumstances since God has given you more physical strength, you have to go and tackle the thief. So here, in physical strength, man is one degree higher than the woman Let us take another example where it comes to respecting the parents The children are supposed to respect the mother 3 times more than the father (as mentioned earlier).Here the women have one degree higher than the men Over all both equal So Islam believes in equality, not identically custody and women are over all equal in Islam. This was in brief, the highlights, of the Womens Rights in Islam? E After this what the Muslim society did is different Many of the Muslim societies did not give the women their rights and they deviated away f rom the Quran and the Sunnah.The Western society is generally responsible for this because of the Western societies, many Muslim societies have become over protective, over precautions and have gone to one extreme and deviated away from the Quran and the Sunnah. On the other extreme, some of the Muslim societies turned to the Western culture, and followed their culture. I want to tell the Western society that if you analyze the womens rights in Islam according to the Quran and the Sunnah you will realize it is modernizing and not outdated.