Web of Deceit in Shakespeares Othello Essay - 1061 Words

Web of Deceit in Othellonbsp;nbsp; Shakespeare’s Othello portrays a process through which pure evil has an effect on love and morality. The character of Iago twists Othello into killing his wife, and eventually himself, through manipulating Othello’s trust and loyalty. Iago uses the handkerchief as a symbol through which Othello is convinced of Desdemona’s unfaithfulness. This handkerchief plays many roles throughout Othello. Because of the importance placed upon this object, the driving force of the play becomes centered on the particular qualities of this handkerchief. In its most important aspect, the handkerchief becomes associated with a kind of web set by Iago, in order to ensnare both Othello and Desdemona. At the beginning†¦show more content†¦This strategy works particularly well concerning the handkerchief. By pure providence, Iago comes into possession of the handkerchief Othello gave to Desdemona at the beginning of their relationship. Though he does not have any direct influence upon the actions and thoughts of Othello, Iago has shaped Othello’s patterns of behavior to conform to his evil plans. In Act III, Othello has strong doubts with respect to Desdemona’s faithfulness. He confronts her by asking Desdemona where the emotionally-valuable token is. When she does not produce it, Othello tells her of its value: Tis true: theres magic in the web of it: A sibyl, that had numberd in the world The sun to course two hundred compasses, In her prophetic fury sewd the work; The worms were hallowd that did breed the silk; And it was dyed in mummy which the skilful Conserved of maidens hearts. (III, iv L.69-75) Here Othello plays upon the same imagery as Iago to emphasize the value of the particular handkerchief. By likening the handkerchief to a web, Iago’s influence into the lives of Othello and Desdemona becomes very clear. The motion of the plot from this point on is governed by the proof Iago produces about Desdemona’s infidelity through the medium of the handkerchief. By calling that piece of cloth a web, Othello turns that object into something which falls under Iago’s sphere of influence. This passage serves two functions. Iago’s role as a controlling entity becomes reinforcedShow MoreRelatedOthello - Deception and Vision Essay1500 Words   |  6 PagesDeception and Vision in Shakespeare’s Othello Walter Scott once stated, â€Å"Oh, what a tangled web we weave... when first we practice to deceive† (Quotation). Scott’s statement is overwhelmingly evident in William Shakespeares Othello. Deception is a reoccurring theme in Othello, that touches each character individually and on various levels. The theme that affects Othello directly is vision. Vision is the â€Å"ocular proof† that Othello demands from Iago, and how his actions are based on what he hearsRead More The Character of Iago in Shakespeares Othello Essay1145 Words   |  5 Pagesenters ones mind when discussing the villainous, deceitful, protagonist Iago in Shakespeares tragedy Othello. It is amazing how one person alone can completely destroy, or deteriorate a group of good natured, trusting, loyal peoples lives in a matter of days- three to be exact. What is the motive behind Iagos heinous, selfish acts, one may ask? A rather obvious theme in the Shakespeares tragedy, Othello, is that of t he many facets of jealousy, which instigate the evil-doings of protagonistRead MoreOthello, by William Shakespeare Essay1090 Words   |  5 PagesIn Shakespeare’s Othello, Iago is portrayed as a cruel puppet master, using his high order critical analysis and manipulative skills to exact on those he believe wronged him; as he weaves a web of deceit to ensnare the play’s protagonist (and namesake of the play) Othello. Various movie adaptations have portrayed the characters in different ways, often resulting in a fusion of the context of the age, artistic license and Shakespeare’s character. One such fusion is Stuart Burge’s 1965 filmic portrayalRead More Othellos Jealousy in William Shakespeares Othello Essay728 Words   |  3 PagesOthellos Jealousy in William Shakespeares Othello In Shakespeares Othello we are introduced into a web of a world entangled with lies, jealousy, and ultimately tragedy. We observe as Iago single handedly destroys the matrimony shared between Othello and the beautiful Desdemona. He does so with a flurry of deceit and trickery, playing upon one of the strongest human emotions, that of jealousy. Iago offers a story of betrayal to his master Othello, which ensnares his soul in a jealous rageRead MoreIago as an Evil Manipulator in William Shakespeares Othello Essay719 Words   |  3 PagesIago as an Evil Manipulator in William Shakespeares Othello The statement Iago is an evil manipulator in my opinion is true. I see Iago as psychologically astute, deceiving and a misanthrope. His sadistic character hurts everyone in a web of deceit. Iago is Shakespeares most plausible and intriguing villains. The main themes in this play are appearance and reality, love, hate and jealousy. I intend to focus on Iago and see how his character changes and how Read MoreOthello, by William Shakespeare966 Words   |  4 PagesIago’s deceit and manipulation in Othello Iago is widely credited, in the words of Agatha Christie, as â€Å"the greatest villain of all time†. He is a manipulative character who â€Å"weaves a web of deceit† by exploiting even the tiniest faults in others. By maintaining a facade of comedy and boyishness he uses his honesty and twisted truth to play others â€Å"like a virtuoso† and â€Å"drive... them to madness†. In the play Othello, Act 2 Scene 1 is perhaps the most enlightening scene with regards to the trulyRead MoreBlind Persistence Essay724 Words   |  3 PagesThe play Othello by William Shakespeare is a portrayal of jealousy and deception. The two characters Cassio and Roderigo play a vital role throughout the play in portraying Shakespeare’s theme of how ignorance, whether it be words of advice from others or just indications, can lead to one’s downfall. Cassio and Roderigo both play an essential role in showing how being persistent—ignoring everything that could b e signs of warning—to attain what we want is not always the correct approach. The firstRead MoreRevenge in Othello811 Words   |  4 PagesRevenge in Central to Shakespeares play Othello to a very large extent. The entire play is shaped around revenge. Iago, who is seen as Shakespeare’s greatest villain is fueled by revenge. Iago has jealousy over Cassios position and has suspicions towards both Cassio and Othello of adultery with his wife Emilia. Out of vengeance Iago uses his ability to manipulate Othello and build jealousy and suspicions within him about his wife Desdemona. This jealousy in Othello leads to his revenge towardsRead MoreThe World Of William Shakespeare950 Words   |  4 Pageshear salacious stories of someone else’s wrong doing, and Shakespeare had a keen sense of what held the audience’s macabre attention. Fittingly, Othello, and by relation all Shakespeare’s work survives in the mind of historical praise not only because Shakespeare was eloquent but also a student of the human drama. Not unlike Chaucer before him, Shakespeare’s plays point to enthralling cautionary tales that wooed women with all the pain, betrayal and empathy inducing characters of today’s modern melodramaticRead MoreOthello Character Analysis1076 Words   |  5 PagesThe Mediterranean Sea of Jealousy Harriet Williams delves into the waters of jealousy and deceit in Oliver Parker’s Othello. Adapting Shakespeare for the screen can be problematic, as Oliver Parker discovered with his 1995 directing debut, Othello. I sat down with Oliver Parker, to discuss the challenge of portraying the actions of a noble Moor who brutally sacrifices his beloved wife over a strategically placed handkerchief. The characterisation of Iago, whose evil maneuverings create an irrevocable

In General Terms, Democracy Is Characterized As A Government

In general terms, democracy is characterized as a government in which citizens have the capabilities to exercise political autonomy to influence the affairs of the state. To be more precise, citizens are able to exercise direct control over the government—as in the case of pure democracies—or they are able to exercise indirect control—as in the case of representative democracies. Of course this general characterization is an oversimplification of what a democracy is and precisely how it functions. However, the ability of the citizenry to influence state affairs is the bedrock that generally constitute a democracy. In an attempt to further sharpen this concept, I found it necessary in my previous paper to consider what democracy looks†¦show more content†¦Second, in recognizing that democracy can take on the extreme of these tendencies, my characterization now includes the assumption that democracy requires a relative nature—a constant shift between consolidation and decentralization—to guard against the possibilities of tyranny by the minority or the majority. Lastly, in recognizing these possibilities, my definition now assumes that the role of the citizenry should be to understand the relative nature of democracy and the implications it has regarding political power and the stability of the state. While I have incorporated these additional assumptions, I still retained my definition: democracy is a relative struggle between consolidation and decentralization. As such, I have found much support and reinforcement from the different theorist and literatures explored this semester. In my first revision of my original conception of democracy, I eliminated the restrictions that tied the driving tendencies of democracy to oligarchism and anarchism, and expanded these tendencies to all notions of consolidating or decentralizing political power. As such, my argument is that democracy is driven by two opposing forces that aims to consolidate political power in the hands of a few, or decentralize political power in theShow MoreRelated Jacksonian Democracy Essay987 Words   |  4 Pages Jacksonian Democracy nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Jacksonian (Democracy, Society, etc.) is a term used to describe reform during the time of Andrew Jackson’s Presidency. Specifically Jacksonian Democracy refers to â€Å"the general extension of democracy that characterized U.S. politics from 1824 to 1828.† Jacksonian Democracy and its support came primarily from the lower classes as a rebellion of sorts apposing the aristocracy. Even though it stressed equality, it was pro-slavery and anti-IndianRead MoreDictatorship And The Concept Of Good Government1221 Words   |  5 PagesDictatorship and the Concept of Good Government Introduction The government form of dictatorship (literally, ‘a chief magistrate’ from Latin ) is a form of government in which one person or a small group possesses absolute power without effective constitutional limitations , and is often stood in direct contrast to the government form of democracy (literally, ‘rule by the people’ from Latin ), a system of government in which all the people of a state... are involved in making decisions about itsRead MoreDirect Democracy Within A Representative System1485 Words   |  6 PagesOn a very basic level, direct democracy can be seen as mob rule or rule by decree. The system allows the mob to overrule the decisions made by the government, refusing any consistent social contracts between the citizens. 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Essay1727 Words   |  7 PagesDemocracy has been spread around the world due to globalization, and there are countries that are more democratic than others. Democracy is essentially a variable that can be measured. Democracy can be defined as a set of practices and principles, such as political participation and electoral processes, that protect freedoms and at minimum include the presence of free and fair elections, the protection of minority groups, the respect of human rights, and governe d by majority rule . The People’s RepublicRead MoreGlobalization: An Ideology of Western Elitists? Essay examples1229 Words   |  5 Pagesin the 21st century (Steger, 2002, 6). As a social and economic concept, globalization has its roots in neoliberalism which advocates: the primacy of economic growth, free trade to stimulate growth, a free market, individual choice, reduction of government regulation, and global social development based on a western model (Steger, 2002, 9). 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Children today prefer to play computer games to traditional games free essay sample

People nowadays are busy with their own lives by spending much time on their gadgets like tablets, iPads and laptops including the children. They are either doing their job or playing games because of habit on the gadgets and forgot the traditional games. It is agreed to say that children today prefer to play computer games to traditional games. For instance, children nowadays did not participate in any club game of traditional like congkak club at school because they choose to join in club games like hockey and football. Then, most of them preferred to stay at home and play computer games than go outside with their friends and practice the traditional games. In a nutshell, the government should make some efforts to encourage children to be participated in traditional games. I bravely disagreed that children today prefer to play computer games to traditional games due to the destitution of the parents. For example, the isolated children who do not have any computer in their home because of the poorness, cannot play the computer games instead of playing the traditional games such as batu seremban, konda kundi and galah panjang. They also did not have better networking at their places so that they just played the traditional games to released their tension and have fun with their friends. Sometimes, the children who live in town also playing the traditional games because it is very interesting and unique. It is strongly agree that the young generation today are less exposed to traditional games because the young generation today are too addicted with gadgets and devices. There are many games and applications that are very interesting in our devices. Besides, it is easy to bring it everywhere we go. They tend to play video games in gadget rather than traditional games since playing games or gadgets like iPad or smartphone no need them to get sweat and not tiring. Q12: PLAYING SPORTS MAKES US HEALTHY Health is metabolic efficiency of a living organism. People can be healthy by playing sports. It is agreed to say that playing sports make us healthy because it is maintaining our physical and mental health. For example, playing chess will make people think out of the box on how to arrange the strategy of the game to be a winner. Then, playing football make us be more energetic because it increases our cardiovascular muscles and decreases peoples resting heart race. After that, swimming can also make us be healthier person because swimming is a great way to strength the muscular muscles and muscle tone. To conclude, we need to play sports and regularly do exercise to be the healthier person. This is totally agreed to say that playing sports make us healthy because its can maintain our body stamina. For instance, when the workers are working, they need enough stamina to stay energetic and maintain their body for not getting tired. Playing sports such as futsal, hockey and netball can increase their stamina and also help them to decrease their body weight. When the workers in healthy condition, they can do their work faster without any problems. Playing sports is not only important for the workers but also the people all over the world. Its can help the people to prevent many serious diseases and have a healthy life. Q4: MULTICULTURAL FESTIVALS UNITE THE SOCIETY I agree that multicultural festivals unite the society when individuals of the groups come into positive, personal and cooperative contact with each other, they will able get to know each other, a consequence of which is that prejudices will be eliminated or reduced. -Open house usually held during major festivals in the country. This program has served to promote unity among Malaysians when they visit each other in their home. -festivals in the country has become an effective tool in fostering unity, understanding, appreciation and respect among the people. -people will set their differences and live together as 1Malaysia. -each society can inculcate tolerance, respect and understanding feelings when they visiting each other. -some women will helping each other to provide food during festivals. Surely, multicultural festivals unite the society allows the society itself to cultivate friendship among members of different cultures. For example, during the Muslims festivals, there are also other ethnic group such as Chinese, Indians and Siamese who come to the Muslims house to celebrate the Muslim festivals. From there, they know that they are able to cultivate friendship among members of different cultures. I agreed multicultural festivals unite the society because living in a multicultural society with people with different traditions and perspestives, makes people communicate with each other. -when people communicate, they share ideas and perspectives, so everyone learns a new way to see the world or even a small thing or situation. -makes people being less racist and leads to a non discrimination society, having a move peaceful environment. -we can know about different religions and fashions in the multicultural society. WATCHING TOO MUCH TV IS HAZARDOUS Surely, watching too much TV is hazardous because it will cause our health will be affected. For example, when we watch too much TV, we will not be doing any movement. If we watch TV 24 hours, the body becomes weak due to not doing any movement. This will affect the danger to us when watching too much TV. I agreed watching too much TV is hazardous because sitting long time to watch television can make lots of health problems. -after invention of TV on 1923 by Russian-American electronic engineer Vladimir K. Zworykin the rate of arteriosclerosis, obesity, heart attacks, and eyesight problems is increasing. -they will not be raised healthily because lacking of physical exercise and social experience. -my friend was a couch potato and all he is doing everyday is watching TV, it makes no sense for him to make friends or play sports. I agree with the statement that watching too much television is hazardous. Watching TV is our most popular pastime, and it seems that we spend about as much time talking about it as we do watching. Our television habit has serious negative consequences. Excessive TV-watching cuts into family time, harms our kids ability to read and perform well in school, encourages violences, promotes sedentary lifestyles and obesity. TV undermines family time -many people feel that they do not have enough time to spend with their families. -although often overlooked, television plays a crucial role. In the average American household, the TV is on for 7 hours and 40 minutes per day. 40 percent of Americans always watching television while eating dinner. Whats more, most family members watch different programs in separate rooms. -families who watch little/no television, on the other hand, often find that they have more time to spend with one another in more engaging and interactive activities. TV harms reading and academic performance -excessive television-watching harms reading skills both by displacing them from our daily lives and according to some experts, by affecting the physical structure of the brain. It also making learning and working in the schoolroom environment difficult. TV promotes sedentary lifestyle and obesity -we spend most of our free time watching TV, which promotes obesity and its related illnesses. -according to Dr. William Dietz, the easiest way to reduce inactivity is to turn off the TV set. Almost anything else uses more energy than watching TV. -whats more, sedentary children risk suffering from other ailments later in life, including chronic pain, heart disease, and migrains. I strongly agreed that television has a bad influence on students. -television will make students watch their favourite channel non-stop -distract students attention from doing their school homework -become lazy and not creative -some of them become violence because they watch too much violent actions on TV. They easily influence by the action. PARENTS ARE THE BEST ROLE MODELS I agree with the statement that parents are the best role model because they have the influencing and leading the child. Firstly, parents always do everything in need for their children. Every day, I see pregnant women prepare for their future children with the hope their children will become a good person, or even a talented person. Therefore, it is so normal if you see a gruff women becomes so sweet, reads books about nutritious foods or about how to help children to become talented. Not only so, parents are ready to change their habits, their living environment just because they always hope that their children will be taken care in the best way. This devotedness to their children we can see not one day, two days, but through their whole lives. Secondly, with the belief that parents will do anything good for them, children always listen to their parents advices, even it is good or not. When a child is just born, it will imitate anything from its mother first, and then others around it. If the mother is always smile, it will probably that their child like smiling as her. Everything is deprived from their experience in their lives, or what they learn from books and other people. Finally, parents are the one who teach their children how to speak, how to behave and learn the basic etiquettes. Thus, this help the child to grow into a morally responsible and sound individual. They are the people who always spent more quality and quantity time with their child. In short, I think with the interactive impact between parents and children, I can deduce that parents will be the best teachers of their children even it is bad or good factor. I agree with the statement parents are the best role models because when the parents provide the positive behaviour at home their children will be affect to the positive atmosphere. For example, at school the children opened to the bad and good behaviour widely but the children often with the good atmosphere from their parents at home. They can know the best behaviour for them. Another example when their friends invite them to join the bad activity they will not join them. MEN MAKE BETTER CHEFS THAN WOMEN Agree -chefs job is high stress -very aggressive profession -may squeeze out opportunities for females to shine -physical strength stronger -biggest probability of the ability of men holding heavier cooking utensils -men usually use heavier cooking utensils while cooking-crater, large pot, gas tanks -women are more afraid of the fires when cooking Disagree -women grow up watching their mothers cook -women are expected to learn to cook and help mom than men go out and play with friends -traditionally women cook-domestic duty. When men cook, it is an art but women cook daily for her family. SOCIETY TODAY IS MATERIALISTIC Agree -people are more focused on the thing, money can buy all. -their perception on looks and the latest technologies have significantly taken over. -nowadays, many people only focused on expensive clothing, homes, gadgets and cars -people in US are so obsessed with what they have and how they look -the traditional value is taken place by materialistic culture -the children who have grown up at Mc Donalds, can only be materialistic in future. Disagree -money cannot buy the morals, a beautiful family, respect and life lessons -love does not need money -money leads you to forget out these. -the materialistic mindset caused a number of people to get into serious debt, lead to financial stress that affect a persons health -it is based on our parents lesson. If our parent teach us to be materialistic, we will be like that. If not, we will be usual mankind TEACHING IS MOST SUITABLE FOR FEMALES I agree that teaching is most suitable for females because they can handle kids easily, due to their motherly nature. For example, the children at primary school are still very young and the tenderness of a female teachers develop and environment of ease within them. They do not feel shy to share anything with their madam as they do it all the time with their mother. READING IS A DYING CULTURE I agree that reading is a dying culture because people nowadays busy at their technology than reading. For example, listening to the radio can be done while busy with something else, movies and television both require no effort at all. Reading requires the ability to absorb, comprehend and imagine which is too much trouble for the masses today. THE TOURISM INDUSTRY PROMOTES A COUNTRY -it is agreed that tourism industry promotes a country -when the tourist from the other country bought our craft indirectly they will promote our country -a good service that the tourist receive in our country will make them feel comfortable. -they can spend their summer holiday/vacation here. PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IN MALAYSIA NEED TO BE IMPROVED I agree with the statement public transportation in Malaysia needs to be improved because some public transportation in Malaysia are not friendly-user. For example, the familiar public transportation like a bus. Certain buses are too high for the elder people to step on the stairs. Another example is the bus conductor frequently call for more passengers even though the bus had fully sit. I agree with the statement that public transportation in Malaysia needs to be improved especially with their facilities. First of all the major problem faced by the community on our public transport system is an expensive fare price. Especially taxi fares are considered by society as expensive for them to use the regular transportation system. There are some taxi that did not use the taxi meter. They have set their own price and it is difficult for the people because they just deliberately set higher prices. The foreigners always become the victim because they did not familiar and know how the system works here in Malaysia. The taxi driver just want the money and profit from it. In addition, public transportation crisis is also linked to public transport system is inefficient. Communities consider public transportation system, especially buses are useless especially itinerary makes the difficult to plan and anticipate the journey that they will encounter. Thus, people not only see the failure of public transportation compliance schedule, but also their failure to maintain the quality of their public transportation services. Lastly, public transportation that need to be improved is problem to convert the transportation system. For an instance, the LRT or monorail to the bus to the monorail. As a result, affected the conduct of passengers having to queue up to buy tickets before boarding public transportation and others. It will be difficult for the adults in the morning because they need to rush and quickly reach to their offices. To conclude, the government should do something to improve our public transportation and upgraded the system so it will be more convenience for the people. GAMES AND SPORTS SHOULD BE ENCOURAGED AMONG THE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS It is agree that games and sports should be encouraged among the university students because students need time to relax, having fun,and release their pressure. For example, with playing games and sports they can forget their problems about assignment and the task given for a while. Besides, with playing games or sports students can be physically and mentally fit when they participate in sports. In fact, students can also make more friends from games and sports that they are participate.

Life Key Values

Question: ExplainReflecting Lifes Key Values. Answer: Thinking is a power or an ability which only humans have. Thinking helps us solve problems, formulate inferences, measure likelihoods and make decisions. Such thoughtful thinking is effective when it is used for a solution or a critical problem solving (Moon, 1999). Critical thinking and reflective thinking are extremely important for evaluating anything which is important and needs an analysis. Both are synonymous in nature. When I analyzed about my own critical thinking power it meant those skills or strategies which help enhancing the portability of the occurrence of an outcome desired by me. It is a directed way of thought process as it is focused mainly on one desired outcome.The concept of reflective thinking on the other hand is a bit more different. It is a component of the critical thinking process which refers to those processed which help making a judgment or an analysis of what has already happened (Halpern, 1996). I have highly benefit by using such thought processes in understanding my own self. They have helped me reflect on my own life. They have also helped me identify what is ideal for me and what is not. Positives are known to all of us. But the most important fact is knowing how to keep the negatives away which directly helps in living a much better life. Assumption Being an entrepreneur involved in the profession of writing and handling a team of writers along with my own personal responsibilities was not at all easy. The three values which primarily helped me undergo this big task and continue till today are My open mindedness, my willingness to accept both the responsibilities of work and home and my wholeheartedness to face my internal fears and uncertainties. (Colley, 2012)What we do and how we act in our lives has a direct impact on the world around us. The three levels of critical thinking has helped in me recognizing actions which will not just give desired results and help accordingly, but to also take a new path in achieving the same desired goal. My Civic Virtue and its Impact on the World Another important concept is that of values. Values are needed as they help us make assumptions for any argument which needs a reasoning at the backdrop. One value I cherish to be having is I never do anything that harms environment in any manner with an intention to harm it. The ethical care for the universe is the value I nurture inside me. It is a kind of a civic virtue one opts to develop with time (Raza, 2011). Values for Decision Making About Environment Thoughtful decisions regarding environmental changes involves a lot of activities ranging from consequences irreversible and of great importance for the current well being and future well being of the mankind. How fast is greenhouse gas emitted and how much is it emitting? How much must the quantity be reduced so that it does not affect climate changes? What are the standards one can set in his or her own life so that air and water pollution is not contributed by them?The above are the various questions and assumptions made by me when I am living my life and working for a living. These involves a process where I weight the cost and benefits in multiple dimensions. Although the stakes are high the government, society and nation many times fail to take measures to stop the consequences of environmental changes. Decision-making is sometimes disrupted. If as individual citizens each one of us does just our part then in a short time the society will be taking active part in taking care of the nature. Instead of waiting for standard processes to be followed one can simply stop contributing to environmental pollutants in every manner possible.Such a value has helped me immensely shaping my life. All environmental policy decisions involve numerous after effects. An example can be given about land usage. The more land is used to develop properties, houses, shops, offices, schools etc the more it is affecting water and air quality. It increases the risk of flooding, wildlife and carbon sequestrations.. These in addition to these have certain social and economical effects as well.One individually can stop this cycle by stopping the desire to use land for personal gains. When the mortals leave the immortal life then everything one possesses is left behind. Then what is the need to use land for a material gain which has no permanence. Good policies and thoughts, values and assumptions about our environment will be helpful for the entire world.(Polasky, 2012)In summary, crit ical thinking involves a wide range of thinking skills leading toward desirable outcomes and reflective thinking focuses on the process of making judgments about what has happened. However, reflective thinking is most important in prompting learning during complex problem-solving situations because it provides students with an opportunity to step back and think about how they actually solve problems and how a particular set of problem solving strategies is appropriated for achieving their goal. References Moon, J. A. (1999). Reflection in learning and professional development: Theory and practice. Hawaii.edu.Halpern, D. F. (1996). Thought and knowledge: an introduction to critical thinking (3rd ed.). Mahwah.Binta, M Colley. (2012). Reflection: A Key Component to ThinkingCriticallyAnonymous, (2007), ACritical Reflection Framework, Education.vic.gov.auRaza, E Rabbi. (2011), What are the Value Conflicts and Assumptions for Critical Reading?Polasky, S. (2012), Valuing the Environment for Decisionmaking