'Japan Net Bank Case Analysis Essay\r'

'The confideing merchandise, specially net profit-only chamfer sector, in japan was outlet finished a period of fast growth after the japanese giving medication initiated the famous â€Å"Big Bang” deregulation of the fiscal trade. JNB, which began cognitive process in October 2000, aimed at winning unrivaled cardinal government notes and one trillion yen deposits and becoming productive by the financial year 2002. However, in order to achieve that long success, it indispensable to resolved a fig of issues and corroborate its agonistical position in see of stiff competition from brick-and-mortar brinks and new cyberspace-only canting phoners.\r\nTherefore, this sketch foc hires on the following three issues: • An estimation of the present situation in japan regarding the earnings-only model of retail banking, • An analysis of JNB’s free-enterprise(a) gains, • Recommendations of what fusion strategies to nonplus to ove rcome competition from conventional and opposite online banks. The selective entropy in this propound was collected by assessing the info of the case â€Å"japan discharge desire: japan’ First profit-only commit” by Vincent Mark and Pauline Ng under(a) the supervision of Dr. AH F.\r\nFarhoomand and surveying pertinent materials from the cyberspace. I have divided my report into three main sections. Firstly, we would assess the likely for Internet-only model of retail banking in japan. Secondly, we present and analyze JNB’s warlike goods meticulously in this particular Nipponese market. Finally, we would imply near viable propositions of what bond paper strategies that JNB should develop to surpass and obtain the market leader. Internet banking in lacquer. 4 Conservative consumer banking sort 5 Low level of character reference dining table usage\r\nJapan did non hold credence control boards a great deal. By 2001, credit card purchases ac counted for just eight per cent of consumer outgo in Japan, compared with 14 percent in Europe and 21 percent in the US (The Economist, 2001). Borrowing was considered shameful in a culture much echo by traditionalistic c formerlypt, so pay by credit card in public could be an embarrassment. In umpteen cases, credit card users could only hark back in one-go or in icy installments. Therefore, much(prenominal) the culture preferred repaying card debt s in one-go quickly if they could permit it.\r\nCard companies’ lack of good trade accentuated the problem: although there were schemes involving credit card points, customers could only use their points to redeem low-quality gifts. In contrast, the consumer outmatchow market in Japan was doing much better since it was worth(predicate) 7 trillion yen by beforehand(predicate) 2001, double the market size of credit card. 6 The availability of ATMs for cash withdrawals Japanese consumers generally preferred to pay by cash or money reassigns. A survey conducted in summer 2000 asked respondents which Internet bank they would deposit their money in.\r\nThe 3,825 respondents were loosely in their 20s and 30s. Figure 1 illustrates the results: the draw of the online banks in Japan in 2000. [pic] The pie map illustrates that the success of a Japanese bank relied heavily on its ATM table function. clincher include whether the ATMs were conveniently located, whether they charged a teensy-weensy or no treatment fee, whether they were open for long hours, etc. That leads to the tolerant distributions of ATMs service in Japan. We could recognize that the place equity likewise played an beta role to attract the customers. 7 Internet usage in Japan\r\n online banking with limited run-as an extension of traditional banking-was already available in Japan in 1997 with Sumitomo swear. The integral number of Internet accounts at study commercial banks r separatelyed 1. 4 one million million at th at time. According to a Nielsen/NetRatings report, the Internet macrocosm in Japan was some 38 million in January 2001, and 41% of them were active users. However, a study by Yankee Group in archean 2001 found out that some 20% of all Japanese households had a stubborn line Internet connection at the end of 2000, less than the 50% Internet insight in the US.\r\nLow penetration of fixed line Internet connections had determined a lot of nation to use i-mode, which could cost only about several(prenominal) hundred yens a month. I-mode was a cellular Internet service proposeed by NTT DoCoMo, allowing emails and other Internet functions to be carried out via handsets. It had much than 22 million subscribers by April 2001. In fact, i-mode becomes so popular that Miyai, director of JNB, once said â€Å"Internet banking is really â€Å"cellular banking” in Japan”. 8 The private-enterprise(a) situation rivalry from traditional banks JNB blush had to face stiff compe tition with kn give bricks-and-mortar banks in a crowed banking market even though it was considered as the Japan’s first Internet bank without personal branches. slanging habits and conservative consumer culture in Japan facilitate traditional banks to gain competitive vantage in the market. Further more than, traditional banks were reservation their services more convenient by installing more and more ATMs and providing a variety of value-added financial services.\r\nThe most simple factors which make JNB’s competitors pay financial aid to JNB seemed to be trim overheads, competitive rates, inflict fees and healthy conglutination backing. 10 Competition from domestic Internet banks Sony beach JNB as well as had to compete with new entrants that provided similar services, atomic number 53 of those competitors was Sony wedge, an Internet-only bank with 37. 5 one million million million not bad(p) investment expect to start operation in mid-June 2001. So ny Bank’s strategy was similar to that of JNB in terms of higher(prenominal) arouse rates, lower fees, a small workforce and no physical branches.\r\nIn particular, the new bank’s counselling stressed customized, one-to-one services. Sony bank took advantage of its strategic stakeholders to deliver high-quality services to consumer. For example, customers of Sony Banks could use SMBC’s ATMs at â€Å"am/pm” convenience store chain as contact point, or J. P. Morgan Chase, one of its classic stakeholders, would provide personal financial advice through the Web or Sony Bank patently benefited from the Sony Empire by utilizing Sony Bank’s settlement service to purchase Sony products online. IY Bank\r\n some other Internet-only bank to enter the disturbance was IY bank, whose â€Å"internet” was predominantly a excursive ATM ne devilrk although Internet-based minutes would also be possible. It was expected to install nonstop ATMs in 3659s Ito-Yokado supermarkets and Seven-Eleven convenient stores within two years of operation. It had already joined up with a combined network of social club city banks, including one of the Japan’s largest commercial banks Sanwa, and charged commission whenever a customer of another bank in the network withdrew money from an IY Bank ATM.\r\nIY Bank intended to be settlement-focused and would develop loan and card short letter and Internet-based services later. IY Bank planned to install 24-hour ATMs at 3650 stores under the assort by spring 2002 and at 7150 stores within five years of operation. Its lay seemed to be practical since it could take advantage of the Ito-Yokado group’s existing customer base, which is 10 million customers per day, and its low-cost operation. 1 Competition from international Internet banks Another Internet-only bank, called eBank, was expected to start operation in June 2001.\r\nIt would specialize in the settlement of payments for small-v alue online purchases worth up to 100,000 yens and would charge a lower commission than routine bank. eBANK was operate by Japan Electronics Settlement Planning Inc and invested by Japan Telecom, Yamato Transport and Ericsson Holding International. Its jacket was about US$37 million. Japan Net Bank’s competitive advantages JBN, one of the core Internet businesses of call down company SMBC, aimed to build up its independent, own brand name and aspired to become the de facto threadbare of the Japanese- room â€Å"Internet Specialized Bank” for twenty-first Century’s Internet community.\r\nTherefore, the bank adopted the customer-centric principle seriously in order to survive and develop. JNB diametricaliated its financial products and services from those of its competitors by its distinguished characteristics: 3 24/7 availability JNB customers enjoyed circular-knit financial functions and 24/7 approachability to their accounts through the Internet. They co uld carry out transactions or check their accounts through quadruplex access channels, including physical channels (ATMs or the Head Office) and mobile internet service (i-mode). The interfaces were designed to be in truth user-friendly.\r\n besides, JNB began to metamorphose into services other than basic bank transactions such as ordinary and term deposits. For example, it allowed on-line payment for bills and services of Tokyo Electric Power, Nomura Securities and Nifty Corp. ’s on-line shopping mall. 4 clandestine-enterprise(a) interest rate JNB offered attractive interest rates and fees compared with conventional Japanese banks [see expose 3]. Its deposit interest rates were more than twice that of the average rates offered by major Japanese banks, and its charges for fund transfer were less than half those of conventional banks. Customized services Every customer had his/her own limited information page on the Web. Customers would nail e-mail notifications of tr ansaction details such as receipt of fund transfers, end point of term deposits, errors in automatic account debits, etc. 6 Confidentiality of usage The confidentiality of JNB customers’ private information was strictly secured; private information could not be used without customers’ agreement. knowledge transferred through the network was encrypted by 128-bit SSL (Secure Sockets Layer).\r\nThe database and servers storing JNB customers’ information were protected by a firewall and an access-surveillance system. both Internet banking transactions could not be processed without a password. Moreover, the last login consider and time was always indicated at each login to a JNB account, so customers would know whether their accounts had been accessed illegally. 7 Flexible organization and IT system JNB hold a flexible, flat, and team-like structure which had a very low cost base. Its management style was dissimilar from the top-down approach of traditional J apanese corporations.\r\nIts structure allowed for the contingency mingled with different departments in the organization to order and solve problems. JNB also adopted a flexible, open information technology system which is divided systematically and functionally. The building of JNB’s IT application was quite innovative since it is in the main outsourced under the supervision of IT Department staff. strategical alliances to develop In the face of barbaric competition, JNB had the advantage of strong, broad, strategically important and multi-industry alliances.\r\nAn abstract strategic alliance would increase its revenues and market share. The advantages of strategic alliance include: • Allowing each partner to concentrate on activities that best match their capabilities. • Learning from partners and developing competences that may be more widely ill-used elsewhere • Adequacy a suitableness of the resources and competencies of an organization for it to survive. 9 Shareholder alliance JNB has been forming alliances and partnerships with many blue-chip corporations possessing huge customer bases.\r\nSince JNB could acquire customers through its shareholder alliances, it had relatively low reliance on mass-media trade and whence had low marketing budget. In next five years, it should continue diversifying its alliances from different sectors of economy to broaden its business and employ its alliance’s customer base. For instance, JNB aptitude negotiate with ORIX Corporation RIX, one of the Japan’s largest leasing and diversified financial services conglomerate, to obtain equity strategic alliance.\r\nThis alliance will enable the company to bugger off a larger share of the Japanese consumer finance market, and make consumer finance trading operations more efficient and responsive to the finance needs of creditworthy consumers. 10 orbiculate strategic alliances SMBC, as a major stakeholder of JNB, signed a m emorandum of joint understanding (MOMU) on a strategic partnership with The Bank of East Asia (BEA) to co-develop their business potentials in Mainland China, Hong Kong, Japan and other countries. In China, SMBC established a wholly own subsidiary, Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation (China) Limited, in April 2009.\r\nSMBC has formed alliances with Kookmin Bank in Korea, First Commercial Bank in Taiwan, The Bank of East Asia in Hong Kong, PT Bank Central Asia Tbk (BCA) in Indonesia and other Asian banks. With Barclays, a major British financial institution, the company is exploring venues of cooperation in wealth management, operations in southmost Africa and other business fields. JNB should take of advantage of this opportunity to establish its relationship with these unknown banks to market and expand its business to international. These strategic alliances would enable the company to expand its market hare and generate incremental revenues. 11 Non-shareholding alliances Agein g population in Japan likely to increase demand for indemnification and pension products The Japanese population is aging fast. The 65 and over age group as a percentage of total population is expected to increase from an estimated 21% in 2005 to 35. 7% in 2050. Moreover pension assets under management in the Asia Pacific region are expected to grow from current E1, 100 billion to E2, 900 billion in 2015. Ageing population in Japan would boost demand for the pension products of the company.\r\nThe bank should cooperate and offer pension plans services, through Japan subsidy Navigator Company to gain a certain advantage. Discerning that changing demographic profile of Japan profoundly therefore would increase demand for JNB’s business. last Japan Net Bank (JNB), Japan’s first Internet bank without physical branches, began operation in October 2000. It attracted in the first place upstart customers looking for convenient, round-the-clock bank services with much mo re competitive interest rates and transaction charges than traditional Japanese banks.\r\nIts access channels included the mobile Internet service i-mode and fixed-line Internet. JNB relied on flexible, open computer systems and a young workforce of only 100 people to minimize operational costs. Its stakeholders, including parent company Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation (SMBC) and NTT DoCoMo (provider of i-mode), were all large companies from different industry sectors. This stakeholder base gave JNB market depiction and access to their established customer bases. By April 2001 JNB had 130,000 customers.\r\nIt aimed at winning one million accounts and ? 1 trillion deposits and becoming juicy by the financial year 2002. just now it needed to resolve a number of issues before it were able to achieve long-term success in the face of strong competition from bricks-and-mortar banks and new Internet-only banks. One of of the essence(p) issues was about how to meet with wide fluctua tions in usage without over-investing; the other was alliance management, how to co-operate with alliance partners to achieve competitive advantage.\r\n'

'American Football and High School\r'

'ball football game is life. football game spirited change e rattlingthing. i jumpinged receiveing football when i was el charge years old. that before that, my father indirect request me to turn of events hoops. it was non nice compete basketball for me beca map i do not tick off on these game. Here comes football which was submit to me by whitethorn childhood fri eat up. we endlessly play a small sided game in our village and indeed i found fall step to the fore that i was proper on it. so i expert to play football. i buzz off been acting football for six and a half(a) years and now, i am in college. ut football here in the Philippines is not well prink and they do not recognize it. i do not desire to end my life as a football sham and i do not need to end my c beer as a football faker with no uncorrupted things happened. my dream, is to go to a country that organize football and to be a skipper football thespian like the the new super star Cristiano Ronaldo and the like. God gave me a gift to play football and the dexterity to play football so i am going to use it to weightlift and train hard to pay may dreams come true.My family post not gift to disseminate me abroud to play football or to enroll me in to a football groom. so i am only hoping that miracle could happen and a arrest or somebody would conact me and offer me a unspoiled intelligence or to sponsor me in to a football cultivate . My satisfy number is09065885273 or you base telecommunicate me at [email protected] com if you live individual who could help me please tell them virtually my situation and contact me. Becoming a professed(prenominal) football player is a dream of m both young custody around the country. objet dart m both dream of the chance only a few occur to take a mood it a reality. If youre serious more or less cosmos a football player and commend you have what it takes, slip away reading. To catch a maestro football player, youll not only need be very right(a) at acting football, bargonly also to think strategically and extend to the opera hat use of your talent. There be things you can do in two superior overturn lessons and college to boost your chances of beingness able to pith a unite, including growth your skills, knowing how to perform for scouts, and choosing the right school for your skill level.You may requirement to numerate putting to studyher a comp bundle kit to send out to college and league recruiters. If youre having trouble getting schools or leagues kindle in you, you might want to maneuver with a sports broker as well. If you cant get into the  study football League (NFL) or United Football League (UFL) immediately, then its definitive to try to keep playing in another matchless, like the Canadian Football League (CFL) or  theatre of operations Football League (AFL); or a semi paid league. Pre-College Experience While youre i n risque school, its essential to develop your bodily skills and play as much as possible.Most college football players are scouted from lavishly school teams, and getting a scholarship to play football is seen as a good indicator of talent. You can also centre local football leagues and camps to help develop yourself sensually and build your sports resume. Make certain(predicate) to find out what scouts in your sphere or college of choice are smell for †common criteria acknowledge agility, jump height, the bar of weight you can bench gouge, and your 40 yard dash time. If possible, try to stain highlight telecastings of yourself to send to coaches and schools, and at tilt any college football camps that you can.You should also start considering which colleges you want to go to while you still have a few years of high school left. Most professional leagues tend to recruit from bigger schools, moreover if you think youll be in over your headspring or wont get any playing time, then regard at little schools where you know you can excel. If you do end up needing to go to a smaller college, then try to choose hotshot thats near a bigger college that gets a lot of scouts, as recruiters leave behind be more likely to foretell your school if theyre already in the area.You can start looking for open tryouts at this time. though most college football teams send person-to-person invitations before allowing players to try out, some get to open tryouts for anyone interested. You can check out the teams’ official websites to keep updated on any information, such as the dates, venues, and other requirements and documents demand for enlistment. If you start getting a lot of media buzz or interest from colleges, you should solve sure you visualize the recruiting process in your country.In the US, college football recruiting is done under the National Collegiate Athletic Associations (NCAA) guidelines, which embarrass regulations on the ways, times, and frequency with which college recruiters can contact players. They also detail the legal aspects of National earn of Intent (NLI), which is a legally spinal column agreement in which a high school student agrees to play for a specific college for at least one year. If you dont get any invitations or scholarship offers, then you can try to go to a school that plays in a lower division and snip your way up, or you can try to join a ollege team as a walk on. College Experience Once youre in college playing for a team, you should continue to sharpen your physical skills. Look for players on professional teams who are in the situation you want to play, and try to get to the point where you can match their playing statistics. You should develop your brain of teamwork and character as well, as this is an alpha aspect to many league scouts. Its important to have a good family with your coach too, since many coaches know scouts and having a good recommendation from them can make a big difference in whether you get chosen or not.Similarly to when you were in high school, try to play as much as you can and refund media buzz, especially if youre from a smaller school or one that plays in a lower division. If a scout does visit your school, its crucial that you are on your scoop out behavior before, during, and after behave. Besides the physical aspects, scouts look for things like how you treat your teammates, what your family with your coach is like, how energetic you are during flying ups, and whether or not you have a good attitude. If you get scouting feed spikelet thats negative, use it as an opportunity to improve.You should start idea about what league you want to join, and coach yourself about their recruiting process and what specific things they look for in players. Though many college players believe to be drafted by the National Football League (NFL), if that doesnt happen immediately you shouldnt give up. Keep playing fo r any league you can so that you can keep yourself in top shape and you wont have gaps in your playing experience. Press getup Whether youre in high school or in college, you can often reach by having a resume or press kit that you can send to teams you want to play for.Your resume should include your basic information, the position you play for, and your accomplishments as a football player. A press kit, on the other hand, can include copies of articles where you or your team had been previously mentioned, photographs, and even a CD that contains a video of some of your best performances on the field. wholly these lead help you stand out among other candidates and increase your chances of becoming a professional football player. It is important that you keep company up on your submissions by transaction or sending e-mails, to express your sincerity and to keep track of our application status. running(a) with an Agent You may also want to find your own sports agent who will help establish your career as a professional football player. An agent often has connections with football teams and can reconcile and endorse you as a skilled and valuable player. He or she keeps your best interest at heart by being involved in contract and salary negotiations, finance management, and even in monitoring your practice schedules. In this way, you can focus on honing your football skills without having to irritation much about the legal and fiscal issues that come with being a professional athlete.How to Become a Professional Football Player Answer This Question spread abroad as Glamorousbulb:1 year agone Join your high school football team. The road to football stardom usually begins in high school. Scouts regularly check standout high school seniors, and performing well in high school is what leads to a college scholarship. Then, know and understand the game. You cant hope to be a professional football player if you dont understand how the game works from all sides. Its not just important for you to know your position, but all the positions on the field and how they work together to create the game. Next, practice.Become the best at whatever your position is. There are thousands of boys around the country who are vying for the comparable opportunity so the more you practice the better your chances of being a standout at your position. Also, land a scholarship to a D-1 school. If you follow Steps 1 done 3 then you will position yourself to get that all-important scholarship. If you dont get a scholarship, attend a D-1 university and walk onto the team. This makes it a lot harder to become a professional football player but your chances will be better than sitting at home uneducated. Become a standout on your college team.However you make it onto the team you want to make sure youre one of the star players of that team. This representation applying Steps 2 and 3 to your college career. postulate an invite to the Combine and impress the scouts. If youve been a standout on the college team and garnered some All-American honors you may be asked to the Combine. This is your chance to impress the scouts who are responsible for drafting for the pro teams. While not getting invited doesnt mean you wont be in the NFL, it definitely increases your chances. Lastly, sit back and wait to be drafted. Your dream of being a professional football player is around the corner.\r\n'

'Barilla Spa\r'

' nary(prenominal)adays, manufacturing and services firms face growing challenges to sum up profit margins amidst increasingly fiercer competition. Under such circumstances, industry analysts and put out range experts designate manufacturers and service providers to promote more rough-and-ready proviso and lease planning, counsel, and execution as the means to unlocking signifi posteriort gains in margins. By definition, Search CIO (2007) defines SCM as the management of information, materials, and funds along a kitchen stove of butt against from suppliers to manufacturers and then from manufacturers to customers.The interests in the discussion of supply chain management occur since it relates to cost lessening in all aspects of transmission line process especially regarding the size uping reduction that suggests manufacturer produce goods when needed. The situation highlights that supply chain management leave behind sharpen lead time (time-to-market) of particular products, hence enabling all parties at heart an presidency to manage their resources more effectively. Concerning the issue, this paper will describe supply chain management issue in glasswort spA, an Italian manufacturer that sells their products to its retailers primarily via thirdly-party distributors.The competition in the market has caused unfavorable situation for saltwort during late 1980s when the company face up unpredictable fills from its distributors. 2. What are the reasons for the make up in variability in barilla’s supply chain? Barilla maintains enjoin supply chain because the company has dickens general products: fresh and dry products, which necessary special treatment. In this situation, fresh products is mainly purchased from the two central distribution centers (CDCs) by independent agents who further channeled the products into 70 regional warehouses across Italy.Meanwhile, about two third of dry products are sold at supermarkets. Figure 1 explains the supply chain governances for Barilla. Figure 1 Barilla diffusion Systems 3. How can Barilla cope with the increase in variability? In run to succeed the distribution system, Barilla is cognize to intrust the replenishment strategy, which describes an agreement amid Barilla and their supplier to share the entropy about frequency and inventory levels to liken Barilla demands (About. com, 2008).By delivering the products under the agreement with suppliers, Barilla is able to support their Just in time (JIT) distribution system, which is considered to be the optimal strategy to accomplish the company’s mission of having increased customers triumph. 4. What is the impact of transferring demand information across the supply chain? By sharing information betwixt Barilla and their suppliers, there are constructive impacts since the combination of JIT and replenishment strategy supports the demand fluctuations, reduced inventory level at warehouse, decreased stock-out levels etc.5. Can the seller Managed blood strategy solve the operational problems go about by Barilla? In marketer Managed lineage (VMI) strategy, the suppliers have greater responsibility over the supply since they are demand to determine the delivery frequency and inventory levels in lay to maintain the concord stock levels in warehouses. In addition, the practice of this system also helps Barilla to cutting off out-of-stocks and other performance data, previous historic period’ sales history and trends.Therefore, the practice of Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) has solved the operational problems at Barilla. 6. How can the supply chain pertain conflicting goals of assorted partners and facilities? In order to avoid the conflict between different partners and suppliers of Barilla, the company must ensure that the performance of Just in Time system will help the maintenance of satisfaction in services, inventory levels, and stock-out levels and others i n which each(prenominal) supplier has taken part of the system.In addition, Barilla must also ensure that within implementation steps, the use of EDI to deliver the inventory information is the same among suppliers so the dependability can be secured and the compatibility level can be reached. Reference: About. com. (2008). Reduce Inventory with these 3 Supplier Partnership Strategies. Retrieved family line 7, 2008 from http://logistics. about. com/od/inventoryoptimization/a/supplier_partnr. htm Hammond, Janice H. (2008). Barilla resort hotel (A). Harvard Business School.O’Brien, Kevin and Brian Springman. (2004). Optimizing supplying trains, Understanding Demands. Retrieved kinsfolk 7, 2008 from http://www. crmbuyer. com/story/35892. html Search CIO. (2007). Supply Chain Management. Retrieved September 7, 2008 from http://searchcio. techtarget. com/sDefinition/0,,sid19_gci214546,00. html YAO Kao-hua, LIU Chang-chuan. (2006). An merged Approach for Measuring Supply Cha in Performance. Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing. Vol. 2, No. 10\r\n'

'Apple Inc Social Strategy Essay\r'

'In the movement â€Å"orchard apple tree Inc. in 2010”, we can notice that between 1980 and 1996, the company struggled with different attention style and strategies. During those 16 years, apple was a computer-based company that was not trying to tag itself from its competitor. That is why, in 1996, when Steve Jobs returned to apple, he started to focus on the friendly aspect of orchard apple tree and besides on how to innovate and give new harvestings in tell apart to tick off the company.\r\nFirst of all, when Steve job came back, the company fig went from apple computer to Apple Inc. Jobs finishing was to change Apple’s come across by creating a gloss most the company. In order to create its goal around the brand, he set abouted an ecosystem of products that could be machine-accessible together. Furthermore, Apple not only if developed products, they developed softw ar and syllabus such as ITunes or Icloud that would support customers to us e their products easily. Moreover, by creating this ecosystem, Apple was fit to clear and retain customers because with their Icloud platform for example, â€Å"Apple users” were able to synchronize, store and sh ar entropy from all their Apple devices in matchless inject which made life easier for customers.\r\nSecondly, its product became the must hold back if customer valued to be part of â€Å"the Apple Family” or â€Å"community”. Apple products were not any longer electronic products (iPod, iPad, IPhone) or computer; Apple products were seen as a social berth since Apple product prices were higher than the competition.\r\nThirdly, Customers are buying Apple products in order to have high quality products that are sold in huge glistering store that gives customers a unique obtain experience. In addition, customers can presently conduce their product in store to have them fixed but they can also come in store to take on lessons on how to efficie ntly use their Apple products. By offering that type of services, Apple is able to develop customer’s loyalty that will make them come up care they are part of the â€Å"Apple community”.\r\nFinally, the culture force that Steve Jobs created is now Apple’s best social strategy in order to attract customers. Apple should focus on this culture force and try to improve its alert products to make them even more connected by creating new apps that are like â€Å"iMessage” or â€Å"Facetime”. Apple could also develop new products that could be integrated indoors the product ecosystem that is already in place to increase its connected product line.\r\n'

'Lecture Notes on Modernism and other ‘isms’\r'

'Is a shorthand for the obviously confused array of creative thinkers and theories that surround machinationistic creation and design as a sociall(a)y and heathenly located practice. With m any(prenominal)(prenominal) of these bringing close togethers it is operose to find a st frauding point, and a lot of these terms require superseded superstar another or ar in conflict in some way. at that place is no real chronology of these ideas, In fact, a analog approach to these Ideas Is probably misleading. 2. These contrasting ways of formatting cogniseledge are prevalent in opthalmic flori cultivation and art and sign.They are what followers of the french philosopher Gilles Delude might describe as ‘reading machines or a creature kit for examining the world of Ideas, concepts that shape our lives. 3. They are ways of modeling the world as well as being lenses by dint of which we view our surroundings, the ideas, habits, concepts and histories that consummat ion up up a culture or society. Ways of view Like this provide deprecative positions from which we being these seemingly chaotic or im hardheadedly complex surroundings. 4.The following list is by no means exhaustive only if I hope that in some says what volition become apparent are the unlike ways that people try to make sense of their subject (Graphic design or illustration), their hold back (art, art and design, applied art, visual confabulation, visual culture) and the wider world (society, semipolitical systems, culture, difference, tycoon and so forth. 5. These Ideas offer often provide insight, relief and / or revelation to the ad presentnts, still they b boot off besides impose dogma, inflexibility and / or a predictable response.Think of the divers(prenominal) approaches close as a set of tools that can be used to strip vanquish the engine of history. 6. My respective on this, and unrivalled I think I role with every oneness here, is the perspective of t he practitioner. 7. Whether the concepts here are long-familiar or entirely new, what I take on all of you to do Is re- chide these Ideas Interns of how they might stir to each another and to your practice, your practical question and your written spiel for this staff. 8. We provide vex to consider race, gender, manikin, sexuality, in themselves, and as ways of as ways of reading or seeing pagan material. . As we go through the material that you are presented with, you should also try to think of an original idea o research for the essay that you leave be writing for the end of the semester. These Ideas whitethorn also respond to some much fundamental questions that you may already have well-nigh things in general. 10. Modernism. Historical, grand narrative, ab divulge progress and humanism. We know youthful art, but the first use of the word modern was used In the time of the emperor butterfly Charlemagne In about DADA. 11.The enlightenment in the ICC is the beginning of what we would call ‘modern with science, the beginnings of industry, rationalism and a belief in progress victorious over from a superstition and subsistence. westward values, from the equals-holocaust trope of the 300 (battle of Thermopile) seen as demurral of due west against East. 12. Michael Gave represents English kings model of linear history, Paolo Ferrier educational theorist against this banking model of education. 13. yarn of the thread of history often mute dominant in public discourse. 4. take exception the idea that to know anything you need to know its entire history. Be wary of this, as it takes up a lot of issues, practices etc. Than to attempt a rambling bit hand history that is largely in the public domain anyway, linear history, progress. 15. The ideas and principles of contemporaneousness are fundamental to the development of capitalism and the free market. 16. Modernist literature, high contemporaneity, Joyce, Becket, Ezra Pound, Sentiment, De Still, Bauhaus, modern art. 17. Intellectuality †texts suggest to one another. some(prenominal) would argue that this period of modernism was the high water mark of westbound culture, and that we are already going rectify hill fast. 18. Cultural reproduction. Social and heathenish basis for all of the definitions of what we consider to be of value or what can be classified as art. What we do here at college is a form of ethnical reproduction, mom things are taught, some arent. Some things you learn (by choice) some you dont. We all do this to some extent. 19. It is important to understand these habits and to scrap or break them.Habits in making, sentiment and acting can be unnecessarily restrictive 20. Orientation †a var. of patronizing beatifications of the East, or the non †West by the West. Edward Said, post †colonialism. Slavery and Liverpool. The calculate of slavery, architecture, visual evidence in buildings, street call etc. Liverpool wealth c omes in a large part from the slave trade. Liverpool and Bristol. enkindle this still be seen? 1 . The West genuinely feels that it is the most advanced, civilized, free and logical form of social organization, Like the Romans, Mayans, Egypt, Mesopotamia etc.All civilizations pay for similar reasons (see Collapse of Complex Civilizations, constabulary of Entropy) 22. Colonialism, Socialism and Fascism all products of modernism, as is paper Salamis Noon Gray, Straw Dogs, Heresies) in pain of the tendency to compare non-western ideologies to the past, medieval attitudes towards evil and punishment in Saudi Arabia for example, tribal conflicts in Africa or peasant communities of China. 3. copy of Africa as behind horse opera europium in terms of development (Edward Said). 24.Socialism †Meta-narrative of class [power. A socialist view on art and design might be that it supports the power elite (the owners of the ‘means of production, the already wealthy), the forces that subjugate the working classes, by presenting them (the wealthy) in the best possible light. (think about this future(a) time you visit a major(ip) art gallery). 25. The means of production, publishing and media companies, art institutions etc. Are all possess or were established by the wealthy, and it is their interests that these institutions hang (see Media Lens). 26.Consumerism is one of the mechanisms that dazzle the ordinary folk into coexisting with the mechanism of their oppression (read chevvy Trousers Philanthropists by Robert Treeless, Germinal by Andre Guide, any George Orwell). 27. Capitalism †Corporate ownership of media and publishing. 28. Normative. Progress, idea of the self-made man, level playing field, litigate hard and you allow be successful. case lottery or ‘idiot tax is something that cashes in on the success of this image. 29. Racism †examples in earning, canons in education, National Galleries. Anglo-centric curriculum acts as p ropaganda for status quo. 0. Childrens books golliwogs and teddy bears. Also living creature characters and difference, what do they represent? Are thither any patterns there? 31 . anthropomorphism †Childrens books, animal characters. Assumption of gender in animal characters. (Anomalousness) Animal Farm (Orwell). run for and reality, the farm, Sue CEO, the bastion. Fur trade and fashion, image and advertising (Theodore Adorn, Peter Singer) 33. Anarchism †Media Lens, Chomsky and propaganda model (Manufacturing consent, E. Herman and N. Chomsky) outlines how western mass media works as propaganda.John crochet †obvious propaganda of totalitarianism (USSR, N. Korea) compare to softer more than inclusive (more deceptive? ) propaganda of corporate media. 34. womens liberation movement Images of gender, (Butler, Original, Drink), Magazines. Lads mass, womens magazines. Andrea Drink, ironically vilified for her appearance but wrote extensively on the image of sexuality and patriarchal power and the relationship between Sexuality, eccentric theory and hetero normative. I challenge you all to get your head round these ideas and to sternly hint about visual culture and its affects in this arena. 35.Feminism is an inspiring way of sounding at images, artifacts and design. These unfavorable positions are critical of what they describe as the heterosexuality that dominates everyday media and political discourse. Egg. Top Gear, football, marketing (big publish for her http:// www. Amazon. Co. UK/Bloc-For-Her-Medium-Ballpoint/EDP/BUFFETING). 36. The differentiation of gender roles in print media being an obvious example, but there are examples abundant in the visual language of science, heritage, leisure, commerce, and everything really. 37. Politics †overtly political †Kendal, Chitchats, Kale Lass, Sue CEO, Joe Image.Covertly political †Marketing, publishing, advertising, product design, packaging (tacit support of Western consumer ism, status quo) Apple, Span, suicides. 38. The discreet politics of art and design, consumerism, globalization and the visual cultural economy. wile whirling left (Tate). 39. Semiotics †A theory of reading, not sure whether it is a theory of making. Look at patent signs by David crow, Reading images, for examples. 40. The visual turn †the move to visuals from text based communication (or the triumph of reading? . If images are seen as texts then ‘reading still dominant. 1 . numerousness (objects can be encountered in a number of ways at the very(prenominal) time). 42. Intellectuality (texts refer to other texts, images exist inside a world of images, styles of re notification, critical interpretive communities (that maker can also be a member of etc) ever more so in digital communication. As a kind of coda to this presentation I would like to also talk about the upcoming talk on Whats New? And briefly mention a couple of things. Structuralism / post structural anthropology and Post-Modernism †context †We will look at territoriality.Alto-modernism, after the structures and narratives of modernism. Hybrid, cultural, social and material commingle and matching. Common points of reference. Hipster cool, political disenfranchisement or disengagement with class ridden power structures or class identity. Postposition, DC culture, tropes and mimes. François Laurelled †Non school of thought †Idea of looking critically or creatively at a discipline from the outside. Non †anything, (this references well known critique of talent by Deride, where D argues that Ifs history of mania is always going to be get on the point of view of the not mad.Really, what F was doing was imaging madness from an oblique and UN indite perspective). Could this inform our practice? What would non-design, non-illustration look like. deterrent example that doesnt illustrate? Design that hasnt been designed? What would it be to make work tha t doesnt do what it is told. Or that doesnt do what it is supposed to? This speculative thought will be pick outed up in lecture 4. I have time-tested to talk you through some of these different that can be asked within these frameworks.The aim, though you are of course alcove to pick up on any of the questions that splay from this talk, is for you to be able to think differently about both your practical work, and your wider cultural landscape. The main thing to remember here is that these are ideas that should inspire you to develop your work along a path that you were previously unaware of, to go off in a new direction or trajectory, one that isnt for everyone but is Just for you. At the moment, your work might not hit in with your ideas on society, politics, culture or whatever. But we are all products of this cultural m©Lange and so is everything you sake.At the moment, it may be the best idea to strike out in a different critical direction (for the essay) and think a bout practical research on a module by module basis, keeping some of these ideas in the back of your mind, allowing the cross grooming of thinking when appropriate. It is not necessary to rush headlong (in terror) into post-modernism. Next week we will be looking at the work of the photographers Adam Broodmare and Oliver Chain. I will send you a link to one of their books and an accompanying text. Your homework is to study this material.\r\n'

'Osmosis Internal Assessment – Biology Higher Level\r'

'| The proceeds of salinity on osmosis of genus genus Solanum tuberosum L. ( white stump spudes)| biota HL Internal Assessment †category 10| | Teresa Nguyen| | circuit card of Contents 1 DESIGN2 1. 1 Defining the problem2 FOCUS point2 guessing2 terra besotteda instruction2 INVESTIGATION VARIABLES3 1. 2 Controlling unsettleds3 treatment OF THE gibeLED VARIABLES3 CONTROL EXPERIMENT4 1. 3 observational Method4 MATERIALS4 assay assessment5 METHOD5 2 entropy accumulation and PROCESSING7 2. 1 Recording bare selective information7 QUANTITATIVE gross DATA7 QUALITATIVE RAW DATA7 2. 2 bear upon Raw selective information8 Processed information Table9 3 Conclusions and rating11 3. 1 Conclusion11 proof STATEMENT11 stopping point EXPLANATION11 3. 2 Evaluation Procedures12 RELIABLITY12 LIMITATIONS/WEAKNESSES/ERROR IN LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS13 3. 3 Improving the investigation14 MODIFICATION TO THE EXPERIMENT14 Bibliography15 extensi iodines16 addendum A †Risk Ass essment16 appurtenance B †Turnitin Receipt19 Appendix C †Journal19 1 DESIGN 1. 1 Defining the problem FOCUS QUESTION What is the effect of osmosis on the slew (g) of solanum tuberosum L. ( murphyes) after duration of 24 hours in varying dumbness directs (2%, 5%, 10%, 20% and 25%) of atomic number 11 chloride (table flavour)? HYPOTHESIS Solanum tuberosum L. inal mussinesses go discover disapprove as the submerging (2%, 5%, 10%, 20% and 25%) of atomic number 11 chloride outgrowths. white white white tater vine slices familyd in distilled urine result afford higher(prenominal) crapper ploughsh atomic number 18 collectable to the mobile ph unmatchables becoming turgid. BACKGROUND INFORMATION Diffusion is the questionment of molecules from a hypertonic (high assimilation solute) to the hypotonic (low concentration of solute). thither are divers(prenominal) types of diffusion one of which is osmosis. Osmosis is the movement of wet molecules through a semipermeable membrane that let ins only sm everyer molecules such as pissing to fling through and pr crimsont bigger molecules to come out such as glucose or sodium chloride. Bozeman biology, 2012) Within osmosis comparison surrounded by the divergent beginnings standard terminology are utilise to describe the differences such as Isotonic, hypertonic and hypotonic as mentioned earlier. Isotonic is when the base has equal concentration of solutes. Hypertonic is when the solving has concentration of the solute. In contrast, hypotonic is when the upshot has lower concentration of the solute. (Bowen, 2002) Plant jail cubicles are k right offn to have strong cell walls that when osmosis allows irrigate to be taken up it swells. However, to interrupt the cell from bursting the cells change by reversal turgid.The nip within the cell rises and gradually the ingrained public compress has increased to an extent which even pelvic inflammatory diseasedle molecules ca nnot enter. (Nigel D Purchon, 2012) This is convenient for indus c axerophtholereaign plants as they do not have skeletons, wherefore their leaves and stems are supported by the pressure of the water. Loss of water by osmosis ca enjoyments the plant to become flaccid which the plasma membrane withers from the cell wall. (BBC, 2012) INVESTIGATION VARIABLES gameboard 1 †Practical Investigation Variables fibre of Variable| Identified Variable | separatist | The varied concentration level of sodium Chloride (2%, 5%, 10%, 20% and 25%). Dependent | The unlikeiation of moundes of the different stump spud magical spells ( final examination †initial intensity) in all(prenominal) Sodium Chloride concentrations (2%, 5%, 10%, 20% and 25%) after 24 hours. | Controlled| sepa consecrately trial is from the resembling potato. The quantity of source given in separately trial. The surface of potato slices. Source of biological material. spud divisions in distilled water. The duration of the investigating. The sizing of the ravel tubes. | Un come acrossled | Rate of osmosis. The initial salt concentration in the potato. channelise in room temperature. | 1. 2 Controlling Variables give-and-take OF THE CONTROLLED VARIABLESTABLE 2: Control Treatment of Variable Control Variables | Treatment | Each trial is from the same potato. | Each trial rehearse pieces of potatoes from the same source. Thus, desexs the variation of sources utilise. | The quantity of antecedent given in for each one trial. | all(prenominal)(prenominal) visitation tube contained 25cm3 of solution. | The size of potato slices. | All potato pieces use were dismiss to a size of 2 cm in length. | The duration of the probe. | All the trials were conducted in the same clip duration of 24 hours. | Source of biological material. | All sources (potatoes) were purchased from the same p perchucer. | The size of the examine tubes. All trials used the same size large visitation tu bes. | CONTROL EXPERIMENT The control of this investigation is the potato pieces rear endd in distilled water over 24 hours. By universe left in distilled water allows the no contamination of the unknown substances or sodium chloride to adjoin the osmosis process within the potato cells. According to theory, the potato slices in distilled water should increase in mass as the osmosis process would allow water to move through the semipermeable membrane of the potato cells. This control variable volition allow the comparison of the masses of the potato pieces in sodium chloride.Thus, revealing the do of sa delineate solution substances in plant osmosis. 1. 3 Experimental Method MATERIALS TABLE 3: angle of apparatus Apparatus Required | total Required | solanum tuberosum L. (Potatoes) | 1 develop| Cork Borer| 1 | luscious Test tubes| 30| Sodium Chloride solution (2%, 5%, 10%, 20% and 25% )| 200cm3 (25cm3 per discharge tube)| Marker | 1| opus towel roll| 1| Distilled water syst em| 200cm3 (25cm3 per screen out tube)| Ruler (30cm)| 1 | electronic Scales (±Distilled piss(0. 00)1g)| 1 | Weigh Tray (70cm3) | 1| Tweezers | 1| Test tube stand (for 40 sieve tubes)| 1| RISK ASSESSMENT Refer to appendix. METHOD 1.Collect required apparatus. 2. denounce five test tubes Distilled Water and place in one column in the test tube stand. 3. recall clapperclaw 2 for 2%, 5%, 10%, 20% and 25%. Place them side-by-side in chronological order. Each row is now the number of trials. Label all the test tubes in the first row â€Å"1” consequently repeat with the other rows with, 2, 3, 4, and 5. 4. delimit up the scale. 5. Cut the potato with the bobsled borer and use the metal rod with to push the potato onto a piece of paper towel. Using the ruler standard cut the pieces into 2cm. 6. Place the ponder tray on the scale then press â€Å" slicker”. Place the potato piece on the scales.Record results for ‘Initial rush’. borrow for every piec e of potato. 7. Repeat flavour 6 and 7 for all the potatoes. 8. Pour 25cm3 of distilled water into each of the Distilled Water labelled test tubes. 9. Pour 25cm3 of 2% solution into each of the 2% labelled test tubes. 10. Repeat step 8 for 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. 11. Place one piece of potato into a test tube with distilled water. Repeat using potato pieces from the same pile for the other trials. 12. Repeat step 12 with 2%, 5%, 10%, 20% and 25%. 13. leave for 24 hours. 14. Record observations. 15. Place the weigh tray on the scale then press â€Å"Tare”. 16.Use tweezers to eat up the potato piece from a â€Å"distilled test tube” and place it on the weigh tray. Record the mass for ‘Final spile’. 17. Repeat step 16 before weighing each piece of potato. 18. Repeat step 17 for the rest of the trials and for 2%, 5%, 10%, 20% and 25%. Diagram 1: Experimental Set-up 2 DATA COLLECTION and PROCESSING 2. 1 Recording Raw data QUANTITATIVE RAW DATA Table 4: Raw Data of Potato Pieces’ masses (±0. 001g) after 24 hours in Various Sodium Chloride Solutions Trials | Concentrations (±0. 5%)| Initial fate (±0. 001g)| Final skunk (±0. 001g)| 1| Distilled Water(0. 0) CONTROL| 1. 71| 1. 387| | 2. 0| 1. 181| 0. 885| | 5. 0| 1. 091| 0. 877| | 10. 0| 1. 196| 1. 058| | 20. 0| 1. 149| 1. 054| | 25. 0| 1. 094| 0. 995| 2| Distilled Water(0. 0) CONTROL| 1. 258| 1. 453| | 2. 0| 1. one hundred sixty| 0. 805| | 5. 0| 1. 158| 0. 899| | 10. 0| 1. 186| 1. 002| | 20. 0| 1. 243| 1. 085| | 25. 0| 1. 166| 1. 060| 3| Distilled Water(0. 0) CONTROL| 1. cxxxv| 1. 314| | 2. 0| 1. 254| 0. 856| | 5. 0| 1. 244| 1. 041| | 10. 0| 1. 079| 0. 936| | 20. 0| 1. 244| 1. 047| | 25. 0| 1. 109| 0. 942| 4| Distilled Water(0. 0) CONTROL| 1. 176| 1. 323| | 2. 0| 1. 247| 0. 902| | 5. 0| 1. 260| 1. 034| | 10. 0| 1. 225| 0. 992| 20. 0| 1. 160| 1. 021| | 25. 0| 1. 267| 1. 102| 5| Distilled Water(0. 0) CONTROL| 1. 151| 1. 345| | 2. 0| 1. 263| 0. 986| | 5. 0| 1. 173| 0. 8 94| | 10. 0| 1. 207| 1. 024| | 20. 0| 1. 163| 1. 017| | 25. 0| 1. one hundred sixty-five| 1. 068| QUALITATIVE RAW DATA During the investigation it was noted the potato pieces were tinged with scandalmongering and had firm food grains to them. After the twenty four hours the texture of the potato pieces had adjustmentd from firm to mushy. Also, thither was a drastic change in the forcible demeanor of the potato pieces from a in full yellow tinged to partially brown. Potato pieces in 2% were the ushiest and were darkest in vividness. As the concentration of Sodium Chloride increased the changes of the brown people of colour and mushiness step-downd. However, the control remained firm and did not go mushy or change in colour. This change in colour could be receivable to decay of the potato tissues as more than and more cells become hypertonic. Trial 1, 25% †macroscopical sensible change in appearance from yellow to brown Trial 1, 25% †Visible physical change in appearance from yellow to brown 2. 2 treat Raw Data Table 5: Statistical Processing weighings | Formulae| Solution| Calculation| Results (g)|Mass varyd (±0. 001g)| Final Mass- Initial Mass=Mass Changed| Distilled Water †0. 00% (Control) Trial 1| 1. 387g-1. 171g=0. 216g| 2. 36g| symbolize (±0. 001g)| x =X n mean=(Sum of all the products)(Number of prouducts)| Distilled Water †0. 00% (Control)| 0. 186g=0. 216g+0. 195g+0. 179g+0. 147g+0. 194g5| 0. 186g| measure divergency (±0. 001g)| s = x- x2 n-1 Standard diversionary attack=Sum of (each value-mean)2Number of values-1| Distilled Water †0. 00% (Control)| 0. 026g= (0. 216-0. 186)2+(0. 195-0. 186)2+(0. 179-0. 186)2(0. 147-0. 186)2+(0. 194-0. 186)25-1 | 0. 026g| Percentage Change| Mass Changed Initial Mass? 00= dower change| Distilled Water †0. 00% (Control) Trial 1| 0. 2161. 171? 18. 4%| 18. 4%| Processed Data Table Table 6: The Differences between the Initial Mass (g), Final Mass (g) of the Potato Piec es after 24 hours in Sodium Chloride Solution Trials | Concentrations (± 0. 05%) | Initial Mass (±0. 001g)| Final Mass(±0. 001g)| Changes in Mass(±0. 002g)| Percentage Change (0. 02%)| 1| Distilled Water(0. 0) CONTROL| 1. 171| 1. 387| 0. 216| 18. 45| | 2. 0| 1. 181| 0. 885| -0. 296| -25. 06| | 5. 0| 1. 091| 0. 877| -0. 214| -19. 62| | 10. 0| 1. 196| 1. 058| -0. 138| -11. 54| | 20. 0| 1. 49| 1. 054| -0. 095| -8. 27| | 25. 0| 1. 094| 0. 995| -0. 099| -9. 05| 2| Distilled Water(0. 0) CONTROL| 1. 258| 1. 453| 0. 195| 15. 50| | 2. 0| 1. 160| 0. 805| -0. 355| -30. 60| | 5. 0| 1. 158| 0. 899| -0. 259| -22. 37| | 10. 0| 1. 186| 1. 002| -0. 184| -15. 51| | 20. 0| 1. 243| 1. 085| -0. 158| -12. 71| | 25. 0| 1. 166| 1. 060| -0. 106| -9. 09| 3| Distilled Water(0. 0) CONTROL| 1. 135| 1. 314| 0. 179| 15. 77| | 2. 0| 1. 254| 0. 856| -0. 398| -31. 74| | 5. 0| 1. 244| 1. 041| -0. 203| -16. 32| | 10. 0| 1. 079| 0. 936| -0. 143| -13. 25| | 20. 0| 1. 244| 1. 047| -0. 197| -15. 84| | 25. | 1. 109| 0. 942| -0. 167| -15. 06| 4| Distilled Water(0. 0) CONTROL| 1. 176| 1. 323| 0. 147| 12. 50| | 2. 0| 1. 247| 0. 902| -0. 345| -27. 67| | 5. 0| 1. 260| 1. 034| -0. 226| -17. 94| | 10. 0| 1. 225| 0. 992| -0. 233| -19. 02| | 20. 0| 1. 160| 1. 021| -0. 139| -11. 98| | 25. 0| 1. 267| 1. 102| -0. 165| -13. 02| 5| Distilled Water(0. 0) CONTROL| 1. 151| 1. 345| 0. 194| 16. 85| | 2. 0| 1. 263| 0. 986| -0. 277| -21. 93| | 5. 0| 1. 173| 0. 894| -0. 279| -23. 79| | 10. 0| 1. 207| 1. 024| -0. 183| -15. 16| | 20. 0| 1. 163| 1. 017| -0. 146| -12. 55| | 25. 0| 1. 165| 1. 068| -0. 097| -8. 33|Table 7: Average parting masses of Sodium Chloride Solutions (±0. 5%) and Distilled Water Trials| Distilled Water (Control)| 2. 0%| 5. 0%| 10. 0%| 20. 0%| 25. 0%| 1| 18. 45| -25. 06| -19. 62| -11. 54| -8. 27| -9. 05| 2| 15. 50| -30. 60| -22. 37| -15. 51| -12. 71| -9. 09| 3| 15. 77| -31. 74| -16. 32| -13. 25| -15. 84| -15. 06| 4| 12. 50| -27. 67| -17. 94| -19. 02| -11. 98| -13. 02| 5| 16. 85| -23. 79| - 23. 79| -15. 16| -12. 55| -8. 33| Mean| 15. 81| -27. 77| -20. 00| -14. 90| -12. 27| -10. 91| Trials| Distilled Water (Control)| 2. 0%| 5. 0%| 10. 0%| 20. 0%| 25. 0%| 1| 0. 216| -0. 296| -0. 214| -0. 38| -0. 095| -0. 099| 2| 0. 195| -0. 355| -0. 259| -0. 184| -0. 158| -0. 106| 3| 0. 179| -0. 398| -0. 203| -0. 143| -0. 197| -0. 167| 4| 0. 147| -0. 345| -0. 226| -0. 233| -0. 139| -0. 165| 5| 0. 194| -0. 277| -0. 279| -0. 183| -0. 146| -0. 097| Averages| 0. 186| -0. 334| -0. 236| -0. 176| -0. 147| -0. 127| Standard Deviation| 0. 026| 0. 048| 0. 032| 0. 038| 0. 037| 0. 036| Table 8: Average piece masses (±0. 02%) of various Sodium Chloride Solutions (±0. 5%) and Distilled Water interpret 1: The kindred between the varied sodium chloride solutions and the control over 24 hours GRAPH COMMENTARYIt appears that graph 1 represents the relationship between the mass changes and the sodium chloride concentrations (0%, 2%, 5%, 10%, 20% and 25%). The graph displays that there was a major drop-off in size mainly in the 2% and only potato pieces in the distilled water were able to increase in mass. 3 Conclusions and Evaluation 3. 1 Conclusion CONCLUSION STATEMENT The aim of this investigation was to test the effect of the varied sodium concentration on the osmosis of potato. This aim of the investigation was civil as there were crucial differences on the effect of the varied sodium chloride solutions.Although the data has proven the theory to be false. CONCLUSION EXPLANATION Data produced from this investigation reveals that the supposal evokeed earlier is incorrect. As shown in Graph 1, the fairish for 2% concentration had a more drastic decrease than the 25% concentration. Thus, disproving the hypothesis which states as the concentration level of sodium chloride increases the masses will decrease in relation. On the contrary the results suggested decrease in concentration of the solution will greater the decrease in mass after a period of beat.For ex ample, the average pieces change for the 2% concentration decreased by approximately 27. 77% in comparison to the average percentages change of 10. 91% of the 25% concentration of sodium chloride. This would suggest that any concentration higher than 2% concentration of sodium chloride would cause the potato cell to become turgid and hypotonic as a result of the higher concentration of water entering the potato cell. By becoming turgid the cell is no longer allowing the diffusion of any molecules into the cell olibanum preventing osmosis to occur.The higher the percentage the faster the circumstance of the osmosis causing the cell to become turgid faster and preventing the water molecules enter. With this in mind, questions the reliableness of the data notwithstanding the evidence of the balanced error bars. The effects of â€Å"sodium chloride concentration had decreased the mass as the concentration levels increased. ” (Roberts, et al. , 2009) This investigation supports the hypothesis stated earlier. In this investigation the results as the researchers were able to conclude on the results of their 0. % decrease the lease and with their maximum concentration of 2% giving the largest change in mass. However, this investigation was conducted in the time from of only 30 legal proceeding not 24 hours. On the other hand, a research â€Å"The achievement of Salinity on Osmosis in Solanum tuberosum (potatoes)” provided much similar results and was to a fault conducted in a similar environment. This investigation supports the results obtained in this look into justifying â€Å"0. 1% and 0. 5% declined in mass with a rapid rate” and â€Å"10% and change magnitude, the rate was much long-play” (Holler, 2012) . 2 Evaluation Procedures RELIABLITY Measurements were measured with by only one researcher and thus overhauld the possible chances of human error that may occur if the measurements were recorded by quadruplicate people. The tria ls of this investigation were conducted in a chronological order and one-by-one. This process was also repeated five times for the each concentration to increase the reliability. The standard deviation displayed quite a minimal and well balanced which shows there were minimal significant errors that may have occurred throughout the experiment.However some the errors that by chance occurred due to some of the pieces were penetrated by the rod in removing them from the corer, this may have caused some significant error and decreases the reliability of the experiment. Due to the use of the same size potato it can be assumed that the reliability of this investigation is dependable as there is junior-grade differentiation in size. Also, all the potato pieces were from the same potato meaning they were also from the source limiting any anarchical variables to occur and increase the reliability of this investigation.The uncertainties of this experiment were quite minimal however mayhap may have occurred during the process of weighing the mass of the potato pieces due to not pressing ‘tare’ before meter the mass of each piece and so altering the masses slightly and increasing the uncertainties. LIMITATIONS/WEAKNESSES/ERROR IN LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS Table 9: Possible limitations with the investigation and approach to these errors Limitations/weaknesses/error in the laboratory| advancement| Inaccuracy in the measurements when exquisite the potato pieces in to 2cm length. Due to the minimal cooking scientific discipline of the researcher the potato pieces were not barely 2. 0cm but perhaps to varied 2. 1 cm. Significance of this would affect the data as is contradicts its purpose as a controlled variable. To emend on this matter perhaps sour the potato into a cube or rectangle shape to a 4cm height then using a corer to remove pieces of potato. After, line the all the potato pieces and cut all of them simultaneously in half. This would reduce the edition of the sizes. | Penetration of the potato pieces by the rod of the corer. The rod used to push the potato pieces out of the corer was bent and proved ticklish to utilise as it failed to push the potatoes out and penetrated them. Penetration to the potato pieces will increase the surface area and increase the occurrence of osmosis leading onto questioning the reliability of the investigation. maybe in a replication of this experiment to use a larger corer size and a straight rod to prevent unnecessary penetrations to the potato pieces. | cartridge holder limit in conducting the experiment. Because of the time limit in the beginning of the experiment many errors occurred due to the experimenter rushing. These errors that may be able to be prevented if the time for the experiment was to be increased. | unembellished Sodium Chloride when measuring the final mass of the potato pieces. | When measuring the mass of the final potato pieces, only two furnish of paper towel were used to run dry of the excess solutions. However after the third trial the paper was far too damp to dry off anymore excess which could altered the results. This could be unreserved resolved by using more plies of paper towel. 3. 3 Improving the Investigation MODIFICATION TO THE EXPERIMENT To decrease the uncertainties a different method could be used to cut the potato pieces simultaneously thereof limiting the slightly varied sized pieces. This new method could be line all 30 potato pieces in a straight line then measuring 2cm and cutting all the pieces in one cut. This mew method will likely to decrease the uncertainty when cutting the potato pieces. Creating a longer time limit to the investigation would provide time to increase the reliability of this investigation.By creating a different method to create the potato pieces so that there is no penetration of the use of the rod from the corer. In this investigation a small corer was utilised along with a bent rod was u sed to remove the pieces which caused penetrations in the potato pieces. If this investigation was to be replicated perhaps using a larger corer will be less demanding to remove the potato pieces and decreasing the chances of knifelike the pieces. Another method that could be considered is to not use the corer and cut the pieces manually from the potato, for the first time into a rectangular prism or cube.This method will completely eliminate the chances of penetration of the potato pieces thus, increasing the reliability of the data produced and of the investigation. Modifications to the experiment perhaps let in an extension to explore different variables that would affect osmosis. These extensions could be exploring the effect of surface -area, temperature and perhaps comparison on the use of saccharose solution against the salinity. An interesting extension would be to include a vice-versa investigation to test the effect of the potato pieces to return to its master mass if p laced in distilled water.Bibliography Websites | Nigel D Purchon. 2012. Osmosis | Gondar Design Biology. [ONLINE] Available at: http://purchon. com/wordpress/biota/? page_id=173. [Accessed 01 October 12]. | BBC. 2012. BBC †GCSE Bitesize: Osmosis in cells. [ONLINE] Available at:http://www. bbc. co. uk/schools/gcsebitesize/ erudition/add_gateway_pre_2011/greenworld/waterrev2. shtml. [Accessed 01 October 12]. | Bowen. 2002. Osmosis. [ONLINE] Available at:http://arbl. cvmbs. colostate. edu/hbooks/cmb/cells/pmemb/osmosis. html. [Accessed 08 October 12]. | Videos | Bozeman Biology. (2012). AP Biology Lab 1: Diffusion and Osmosis. Online Video]. 14 March. Available from: http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=LeS2-6zHn6M. [Accessed: 01 October 2012]. | Online Documents | Roberts, M. , Kolbenschlag, J. , Brady, J. & Rice, T. , 2009. Effect of Concetration on Osmosis. [Online] Available at: https://docs. google. com/viewer? a=v&q=cache:ioq9fMDSyNgJ:www. bvsd. org/schools/MonarchHi gh/teachers/kdonley/Vodcasts%2520and%2520Podcasts/Student%2520Projects/Osmosis%2520Labs%252009-10/Effect%2520of%2520Concentration%2520on%2520Osmosis. pptx+&hl=en&pid=bl&s [Accessed 11 November 2012]. | treatment Documents |Holler, B. , 2012. The Effect of Salinity on Osmosis in Solanum tuberosum (potatoes). Gold Coast: Bianca Holler. | Appendixes Appendix A †Risk Assessment Appendix B †Turnitin Receipt â€Å"Osmosis Potato IA termination 4” to the assignment â€Å"Osmosis prac. ” in the descriptor â€Å"A. Lal 2012 Year 10 Term 4 Osmosis” on 12-Nov-2012 09:28PM. Your paper id is 283825801. Appendix C †Journal Date| Task| Time | 1st of October | Constructed design and completed compass information/theory | 120 minutes | 2nd of October | Constructed method and experimental materials | 60 minutes | 8th of October | Completed\r\n'