Effects of Changing Accounting Standards on Commercial Bank

Effects of Changing invoice Standards on Commercial buzzwordProposed Research Topic IAS 39 and IFRS 9 the personal personal effect of changing method of be system standards for monetary instruments on the fiscal assets instruction of a commercial bank in Chong QingBackgroundIn 2008, a blasting monetary crisis ignited by the bankruptcy of Lehman Br new(prenominal)s Holdings soon had a estimable scale break-out and dragged the world from prosperous growth to excruciating abyss of stagnation, as yet recession. People in business and academic community took a salient total of serious discussions striving to find the causes of the financial crisis. It is widely agree that the lack of transp atomic number 18ncy in banks and investment houses which increased their risks is one of the major driving forces of the crisis(Compton, 2012). It is argued by Rohde(2011) that the abuse of financial instruments is to blame for the lack of transparency. Accountancy, as a applicatory s ubject meant to make organizations more than than transparent via cause and correct financial reports thitherfore is closely linked to the solution to the financial crisis. One year later the crisis, world leaders declared that improvements in financial report were needed at the G20 summits.Chan, 2010)In 2009, in resolution to the demand for improved financial reports, the new IFRS 9 was published as the successor for IAS 39 to serve the procedure of regulating accountancy for financial instruments(IFRS, 2009 Chan, 2010). Some noticeable changes were do by IASBinternational account statement standards visiting card to the new standards, peculiarly the classification of financial assets. IAS classify financial assets into 4 criterion groups, which is considered by Chan(2010) as one of the its drawbacks resulting in unnecessary complexity and internal inconsistency. However, according to IFRS 9, the number of categories is largely simplified and is cut drink from 4 to 2 amortize cost and good survey. Currently, business organizations potty choose which standards they would like to apply because the mandatory effective date of IFRS was tooshieceled already(IFRS, 2009). What set up could the residues surrounded by the 2 standards exert on banksa management of financial assets remains unknown. It has not been sufficiently studied in accountancy books yet. Although near studies are made with regard to IAS or IFRS as a unharmed, none of them are specifically on IFRS 9, let alone its effects on financial assets management. A cogitation as this one is consequently needed to fill in this gap.One of the main features of international accounting standards regardless of IAS9, IFRS 9, or their earlier predecessors is the steady status of blank value circularment. Despite that a circuit of measurement categories are added to or withdraw from in amendments occurred since the establishment of one universal international accounting standards syste m, fair value measurement seems to stand unshakably in the center of measurement for financial instruments. Thus, this paper pass on mainly focus on fair value to discuss whether or not it is changed in the new standards and what deflect those changes have on a banks financial assets management, which send word better our understanding in the relationship between accounting standards and practical management. This paper is assistive not only to expand the accounting writings, barely also to improve bankers assets management in precaution of the risk of some other financial crisis. In a word, my seek is worth doing academically and practically.The purpose of my paper is to identify the effects of changing financial standards on the assets management of a bank by interrogateing its managers and examining its financial conditions in the lead and after its accounting policy shifted from IAS 39 to IFRS 9. To achieve that, I set 3 seek objectives. Firstly, my paper aims to find out the difference between IAS 39 and IFRS 9, peculiarly the changes made to the fair value measurement. Secondly, my paper tries to identify the effects of adopting IFRS 9 on Chong qing Banks financial assets management in replacement for IAS 39. Thirdly, my paper go out make fine comment on whether those effects are positive or negative comparing with previous old age when IAS was applied in the hope of providing some useful experience to other banks.Literature reviewThe number of existing seekes on the new IFRS 9 is extremely limited and drop hardly be found for it was published just 4 years ago as an incomplete picture to be tested and improved, awaiting continuous amendments. It takes conviction before it is as applicable as IAS 9, when a great amount of researches then can be expected due to mass usage of IFRS in business institutes. Fortunately, there are a number of studies on the IFRS as a whole and IAS No. 39. Carmona Trombetta(2008) got a panorama overview on I FRS and IAS, and proceeded to explain the fuss of world-wide bankers acceptance of those standards owing to nature of highly diverse conditions in different individual(a) countries, which leads to a conclusion that rule based standards are probably more acceptable than principles based ones to widespread a universal standards system across the world. Despite the insightful disco truly they made, they did not focus enough charge on the obvious differences between IFRS and IAS. To the contrary, what they try to emphasize is the similarities instead of differences between those two standards. As a supplementary to the previous accounting literature, Wang(2010) made a thorough comparison between the two standards and noted the difference of classifications for financial assets which is covered by IAS 39 and IFRS 9 that matters a lot to financial assets management. However, she was one step away from getting the full picture, and stopped at that point and did not make further explo proportionalityns concerning the effects of the differences in standards on banking management, which leaves her research unfortunately incomprehensive. The reckon on this outcome has 2 dimensions regulations, and the objectives those regulations exert effects on. Neglecting either of them would dishonor the whole study. Armstrong and his collegues (2010) contributed to the literature by examining the objectives of accounting regulations. They studied business institutes reaction to the adoption of IFRS in Europe, which can made a worthy comparison with Chong qing companies that my paper is active to study. Morris and Sellon(1991) are among those first to focus on the relationship between accounting standards and financial assets management. They noted that a banks true assets (Morris and Sellon, 1991) can be best reflected by fair value based accounting practice. Their pioneering work was seconded by Barth(1994) who argues that accounting based on fair is helpful to improve a b anks management by clarifying the true value of financial assets to the top management. He took a critical strep and brought accounting standard on to the managerial level. Although having laid trim down the fundamental base for my study, both of their researches share a fatal flaw of being too outdated. The world has witnessed too many tremendous changes including the financial crisis to fit in their theorys poser developed in the early 1990s. Their theory fails to be applied to lately invented financial instruments, particularly financial derivatives. More researches close to todays reality are needed, which is another justification for the rationale of my research.Methodology and methodsI intend to life an interpretive, inductive, empirical and qualitative research on this topic. The method adopted is cases study carried out via techniques including observing the union and taking interviews. Chong qing Bank in Chong qing is selected as the case study company for it is one of the first to answer IASBs call to adopt IFRS. Given the geographic terminus ad quems and the cost to fly to Chong qing, semi-structured recollect interviews will be held to managers of Chong qing Bank Limited containing questions on their thoughts before and after IAS 39 was replaced by IFRS 39. Information about the company is to be good observed, particularly its capital sufficiency ratio before and after IFRS was adopted, which can reflect itsfinancial assets management in the period of changing accounting policy to a certain extent. The entire data collect by my case study and interviews is original base data, except capital adequacy ratio, which is secondary data since it can be found in the companys annual reports. Most of the data are qualitative as they are questions regarding peoples attitudes, beliefs, thoughts that cannot be quantified. However, the capital adequacy ratio is quantitative.The way my research is done is to acquire knowledge by do empirical observation s and finding empirical evidences rather than establishing pure theoretical framework on a predetermined hypothesis. All the 3 research objectives listed before are about making empirical observations. Therefor the case study method is very suitable to serve my research objectives. As claimed by Robson(2002), case study is A strategy for doing research which involves an empirical investigation. The reason I employ the technique of interview is that interviews are very useful to collect empirical information. It is an empirical research method. A semi-structured interview by telephone would allow me to explore unexpected issues by memory relatively casual conversation consisted of not fully predetermined questions, and to strain personal rapport with the interviewees that might be helpful to make some in-depth findings. In a word, the empirical, interpretive nature of my study that requires original primary data and close observations determines the research methods I chose.Content analysis will be used on the main data analyzing tool to measure the frequency of certain key words and notions respondents mentioned in interviews. The data quiet is not generalizable because they are predominantly qualitative information of a exclusive individual company without statistical representativeness. But the data is of legitimate rigour and reliability since they are authentically collected from a company in its practical daily operations. If anyone is to repeat my research on the same company, the out-come would be of no difference.Potential difficulties I can anticipate in this research are mainly geographically related. The location of me, namely UK, is too remote away from the objective in Chong qing I am about to observe. This limitation is likely to cause a series of difficulties including the hardship of getting inter-group communication with the informants and inaccuracy of observations which are not made in person directly. Another difficulty is the willin g of managers to receiving my interviews. In order to get a sufficient number of respondents, I plan to set certain incentive prizes for answering my questions. The research will mainly be funded by myself, though I will not give up the opportunity of being sponsored by the university. finishing for research funds will be submitted to Royal Holloway before the research begins. However, those difficulties above can be overcome and minimalized as long as my research is well designed. Flying to Chong qing is reserved as the last reanimate if things get out of my control. The time scale of my research is 3months. The detailed time table is listed belowTimetablePrepare the interview questions by 1 contactComplete literature review by 10 AprilConduct interviews by 10 MayComplete data analysis by 12 MayGive presentation on 23 JuneComplete the terminal dissertation by 20 JuneReferenceArmstrong, C, Barth, M, Jagolinzer, A, Riedl, E 2010, Market response to the Adoption of IFRS in Europ e, accounting Review, 85, 1, pp. 31-61, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 1 January 2014.Barth, M. E.,1994, somewhat value accounting Evidence from investment securities and the market valuation of banks, Accounting Review, pp.1-25.Carmona, S, Trombetta, M., 2008, On the global acceptance of IAS/IFRS accounting standards The logic and implications of the principles-based system, Journal Of Accounting Public Policy, 27, 6, pp. 455-461, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 1 January 2014.Chan, S., 2010, From IAS 39 to IFRS 9 more than just a name change, the official website of Chong qing institute of sensible public accountants,Available athttp//www.hkicpa.org.hk/file/media/section2_become_a_hk_cpa/recog-oversea-bodies/useful-article/name-change.pdfAccessed 20 declivity 2013.Compton, J., 2012, Libor soil at the root of all financial crises is a lack of transparency, The Telegraph, in stock(predicate) at http//www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/comment/9366972/Libor-sc andal-at-the-root-of-all-financial-crises-is-a-lack-of-transparency.htmlAccessed 20 DEC 2013.IFRS, 2009, IFRS 9 Financial Instruments (replacement of IAS 39), the official website of the IFRS Foundation and the IASB.Available at http//www.ifrs.org/current-projects/iasb-projects/financial-instruments-a-replacement-of-ias-39-financial-instruments-recognitio/Pages/financial-instruments-replacement-of-ias-39.aspxAccessed 20 DEC 2013.Robson, C., 2002, Real world research A resource for social scientists and practitioner-researchers (Vol. 2). Oxford Blackwell.Moody, D., 2002, a posteriori research methods, the official website of IT University of Copenhagen.Available at http//www.itu.dk/oladjones/semester%203/advanced%20it%20mgt%20and%20software%20engineering/project/materials/what%20is%20empirical%20research1.pdfAccessed 20 DEC 2013.Morris, C. S., SellonJr, G. H., 1991, Market value accounting for banks pros and cons., Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City Economic Review, 76, pp.5-19.Roh de, L 2011, Lessons from the Last Financial Crisis and the Future usance of Institutional Investors, OECD Journal Financial Market Trends, 2011, 1, pp. 77-82, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 1 January 2014.Wang, Z., 2010, A comparative study of the difference between IAS 39 and IFRS 9 interpreting the classification and measurement of financial assets. Finance and Accounting Monthly, 2010, 16(548), pp.51-53.( In Chinese)Source available at http//www.ckyk.cn/periodical/previous_detail-JOLQNON0.shtmlFull text available at http//www.docin.com/p-226160490.htmlAccessed 20 DEC 2013.