Cerebral Cortex and Phineas Gage

Cerebral Cortex and Phineas pinhead Debbie Mintz PSY 360 July 25, 2011 Phineas smoking root Phineas Gage was a man who was a leader at his railway line and was a very appealing person. His family and friends agree that he would helpful to any adept, he was happy, and easy-going person. Then he received top dog damage to his noetic cerebral cortex, which is ones cognitive functions are within their lobes located in the sense. Humans have four-spot kinds of lobes located within the cerebral cortex that do antithetic functions.Human Brain The human brain is covered with tissue known as the cerebral cortex, which large furrows (fissures) and small furrows (sulci), and there are ridges among the fissures and sulci known as gyri. Under the cerebral cortex tissue are four lobes, each lobe has a role in a humans cognitive functions. Phineas Gage was a man who received brain damage, and one will be able to follow up how it affected his cognitive functions. Four Lobes for Cognitiv e Functionsfundamentally the cerebral cortex is divided into four lobes because during developing of our brain the pressure divides the area into four areas and the development of these lobes do different functions within our brain. The four lobes are known as frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe and the occipital lobe (Pinel, 2009). Ones occipital lobe is what gives him or her visual input and helps guide their behavior, the occipital cortex with large areas of an adjacent cortex perform this cognitive function (Pinel, 2009, p. 69).In, the parietal lobe it has two large operating(a) areas, the post central gyrus function, which it analyzes sensations one can feel from his or her body, such as touch. In the posterior section of the parietal lobes has the role of perceiving the location of both objects and our own bodies and in directing our maintenance (Pinel, 2009, p. 69). The cortex of ones temporal lobes, which has three functional areas. For ones language and hearing t here is the superior temporal gyrus, the inferior temporal cortex identifies ones complex visual patterns, next is the median(a) ortian of the temporal cortex its cognitive function is for memory. The last of the four lobes is the frontal lobe, and it has two distinct surgical process areas. The first area is the pre-central gyrus along with the adjacent frontal cortex have a force back function, and the frontal cortex anterior to motor cortex performs complex cognitive functions (Pinel, 2009, p. 69), such as assessing the outcomes of attainable patterns of behavior, preparation to reply with sequences, and assessing the signifince of the behavior of others (Pinel, 2009).Summary of what each lobe does Occipital lobe for vision processing Parietal lobe for movement, apprehension to stimuli, re light, orientation. Temporal lobe for perception and recognition of auditory stimuli, speech, and memory. Frontal is for reasoning, parts of speech, movement, planning, problem-solving, a nd emotions (Brain Structures and their Functions, 2005) Phineas Gage (1823-1860)Phineas Gage is a wide-cut example to use when explaining what happens to a person who receives brain damage and how the damage can affect ones cognitive functions. At the age of 25 a young mans life changed completely, Phineas Gage was a hard worker as well as the a supervisor for the crew he worked with, his or her job was to blast huge rocks to make the land ready for the railroad track in 1848. His job consist of using a tampering iron on the boulders that had gun power or dynamite in them to explode, accidents do happen, and Phineas Gage received a tampering iron exploded into his face.It was remarkable that he was alive as well as being able to walk three miles to find aesculapian help. The doctor cleaned him up with amazement that he lived through this damage to his brain. From the doctors report the tampering iron make entry in the cranium and passed through the anterior left lobe, and made it s exit in the median(a) line, along his sinus fracturing his frontal and parietal bones widely, substantial parts of the brain broken up and his left eye globe was protruding out the socket, within a half of a diameter (Mo, 2006).After this terrible accident according to (Mo, 2006), Phineas Gage retained full possession of his reason, but Gages wife, family, and friends began to see dramatic changes happening to him and his personality. Even the company he worked for tried to rehire him, but they could not because his behavior changed, he was mouthy, unpredictable, disrespectful, and grossest profanities. These was not Phineas Gages behavior before the tampering iron went through his brain and rearrange his cognitive function from his anterior left lobe (Mo, 2006).Which is located in the frontal lobe, and it is for reasoning, parts of speech, movement, planning, problem-solving, and emotions (Brain Structures and their Functions, 2005). This was not the Phenias Gage they knew in fa ct anyone that knew Gage before states there is a drastic change to his mind. As a result of Phineas damage from his frontal cortex there was a complete loss of social inhibitions, and incompatible behavior (Mo, 2006). To this day the role of the frontal cortex is involved in personality changes and social cognition (Mo, 2006, p. ) Phenias Gage lived a different life as a stable person, at a patch where he was not known, presumably somewhere in Chile and live 13 more years. This shows that when ones brain has damage that they can live through it, but as a different person. Ones cognitive functions can become altered by brain damage within their lobes in their brain. Phineas Gage he seemed to turn from a good natured person to a handsome natured person, does that mean a bad natured person can become altered to a good natured person?