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Cody HarrisWorld History 3March 24, 2002Chapter 21 Vocabulary1. Philip II- son of Charles V, he genic Spain, and Spanish Netherlands, and the American colonies. He was shy, serious and deeply religious. When the king of Portugal died without an heir, he gained the empire by being a nephew. His empire provided him with a enormous wealth. He also helped to drive the Muslims out of Spain. 1588, he launched the Spanish Armada but was defeated.2. El Greco- real name Domenikos Theotokopoulos but called by the classics as El Greco meaning the Greek. His art often puzzled the people of his time. He used brilliant colors, sometimes clashing. His paintings showed deep Catholic faith of Spain, painting saints and martyrs as huge long-limbed figures that take a supernatural air. 3. Divine Right- the idea that God created the monarchy and that the monarch acted as Gods representative on earth4. Absolute monarch- kings or promote who believed that all power within their states boundaries rest ed in their hands.5. Edict of Nantes- a declaration that the Huguenots could live in peace in France and fall up their own houses of worship in some cities.6. aboriginal Richelieu- the ruler, in effect, of France under Louis XIII (1624), he had been a hard-working leader of the Catholic Church in France. He tried sincerely to lead according to moral principles, he was also ambitious and enjoyed exercising authority. He moved against the Huguenots, believing that Protestantism often served as an excuse for political conspiracies. He also sought to weaken the nobles power. He ordered nobles to take down their fortified castles. He increased the power of government agents who came from the middle class. He also wanted to make France the strongest state in Europe, and in order to do this he involved France in the Thirty eld War.7. Skepticism- the idea that nothing can ever be know for certain 8. Descartes- a brilliant thinker wrote Meditations of First Philosophy. Later became an im portant role in the Enlightenment.9. Louis XIV- the most powerful ruler in French history. His reign began as a 5-year-old boy. He became king in 1643, with the true ruler of France being Cardinal Mazarin, since Louis was so young. Mazarins greatest triumph was ending the Thirty Years War in 1648. Louis gained control at the age of 23 when the cardinal died. He made it a point to be surrounded by nobles for two reasons, it made the nobility totally dependent on Louis.